English translation
Kurzgefasste Bedienungsanleitung fur den Telefunken Analogrechner RA 770
Complete English translation of the original German-language document (48 pages).
Cover Page
EPB 59 Program Information April 1971 PT 7
Concise Operating Instructions for the Telefunken Analog Computer RA 770
These instructions are based on the study report No. 551 by Mr. H. Aberhold. They are intended to convey the most important technical fundamentals for operating the analog computer to the user. Further information can be found in the detailed operating instructions from Telefunken. The operating instructions for the DEX digital module are published separately.
Table of Contents
| Section | Topic | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | Introduction | 3 |
| 1.1 | Switching on a Computer | 3 |
| 1.2 | Loading a Completed Analog Program File | 4 |
| 1.3 | Description of the Function of the Central Bedienungsfeld (Operating Panel) | 4 |
| 1.3.1 | Number of Computing Elements | 4 |
| 1.3.2 | Handschalter (Manual Switches) of the Computing Elements | 5 |
| 1.3.3 | Fußschalter (Foot Switch) | 6 |
| 1.3.3.1 | Setting the Zeiteinheit (Time Unit) | 7 |
| 1.3.3.2 | Setting the Rechenmaßstab (Computing Scale) | 7 |
| 1.3.3.3 | Setting the Rechenmaßstab via the Rechenmaßstabstasten | 8 |
| 1.3.3.4 | Setting the “10×” Key | 8 |
| 1.3.3.5 | Setting the Vier-Stellen (four-digit) scale | 8 |
| 1.3.3.6 | The “Timer / Counter” Key | 8 |
| 1.3.3.7 | Steuerung (Control) of the Rechenmaßstab | 9 |
| 1.3.3.8 | Initiating the Coefficient-Potentiometer | 10 |
| 1.3.3.9 | Servopotentiometer | 11 |
| 1.3.4 | Description of the Analogprogrammierfeld (APF) | 13 |
| 1.4 | Description of the Computing Elements | 15 |
| 1.4.1 | General Overview of the Analogprogrammierfeld | 15 |
| 1.4.1.1 | Reference Voltages | 16 |
| 1.4.1.2 | Coefficient Potentiometers | 16 |
| 1.4.1.3 | Computing Amplifiers | 16 |
Table of Contents (continued, page 3)
| Section | Topic | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 1.4.3.1 | Invertible Amplifiers (Summierer / Summierverstärker) | 17 |
| 1.4.3.2 | Summers 1 | 19 |
| 1.4.3.3 | Summers 2 | 19 |
| 1.4.3.4 | Invertible Amplifiers/Summers (komplementäre Integratoren/Speicher) | 20 |
| 1.4.3.5 | Complementary Summers / Integrators / Memories | 21 |
| 1.4.3.6 | open Amplifiers | 21 |
| 1.4.3.7 | Complementary Integrators / Memories | 21 |
| 1.4.3.8 | Table of the possible wiring configurations for the invertible amplifiers | 24 |
| 1.4.4.1 | Summer 1 | 25 |
| 1.4.4.2 | Summer 2 | 25 |
| 1.4.4.3 | Summer C — Dämpfer (Attenuator) | 27 |
| 1.4.5 | Multiplier | 27 |
| 1.4.6.1 | Preliminary Multipliers | 28 |
| 1.4.6.2 | Multiplier-Divider (Vorteiler im Resolver) | 28 |
| 1.4.7 | Function Generators | 29 |
| 1.4.8 | Polar Function Generator | 29 |
| 1.4.5.0–1.4.5.8 | Resolver Functions (reference for function generation in network | 30–31 |
| 1.4.5.1 | Univariate Functions at the Resolver | 30 |
| 1.4.5.2 | Variable Function Generators | 31 |
| 1.4.5.3 | Samplers | 31 |
| 1.4.5.4 | Comparators | 32 |
| 1.4.5.5 | Function Switches | 32 |
| 1.4.5.6 | Variable Precision Functions | 33 |
| 1.4.6 | Resolver (Coordinate Converter I) | 33 |
| 1.4.6.1 | Coordinate Conversion — Kartesisch to Polar | 33 |
| 1.4.6.2 | Polar Coordinate System Layout | 34 |
| 1.4.6.3 | Multiplier | 35 |
Table of Contents (continued, page 4)
| Section | Topic | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 1.4.6.5 | Convertible Amplifier | 35 |
| 1.4.6.7 | Comparators | 36 |
| 1.4.7 | Randhalteschalter | 36 |
| 1.4.8 | Schrittschalter (Step Switches) | 37 |
| 1.4.8.1 | Free Switches | 37 |
| 1.4.9.0 | Timing Generator Elements | 37 |
| 1.4.9.1 | R-C-Timer | 39 |
| 1.4.9.2 | P-V-Timer | 39 |
| 1.4.9.3 | T Y-Timer | 39 |
| 1.4.9.4 | GSB-Timer | 40 |
| 1.4.9.5 | TK-Timer | 40 |
| 1.4.9.6 | TA-Timer | 40 |
| 1.4.10 | Variable Technical Characteristics of the Various Amplifier Types | 41 |
| 1.5 | Normal Operating Procedure | 41 |
| 1.5.1 | Contact of the Operating Panel with the Computing Unit | 41 |
| 1.5.2 | Use of the Patch Cable (Verbindungskabel) | 42 |
| 1.5.3 | Master-Slave Operation | 42 |
| 1.5.4 | Use of the Verbindungskabel (connection cable) | 43 |
| 1.5.5 | Setting the Operating Mode for Normal Problems | 43 |
| 1.5.5.1 | Preparatory Settings before Start | 43 |
| 1.5.5.2 | Initiating the Coefficient Potentiometers for Normal Operation | 43 |
| 1.5.3 | Setting the Operating Mode on Overrange (Überschreitung) | 45 |
| 1.5.4 | Displaying the Operating Mode for normal vs. repetitive operation, Resolver Supplement | 45 |
Page 5: Figure 1a — Computer Front Panel
[page 5: figure only]
Labels visible on the front-panel diagram:
- Digitaleinheit DEX 802 — Digital unit DEX 802
- Amplifier panel & Controls
- Digital voltmeter display (Digitalvollmeteranzeige)
- Analog programming field (Analogprogrammierfeld)
- Key “Note” (Taste “Note”)
- DVM Electronics (DVM-Elektronik)
- Function generator (Funktionsgeber)
- Hand potentiometers with handwheel (Handpotentiometer m. Handschuh)
- Adjustment keyboard for servo potentiometers (Einstelltastatur f. Servopotentiometer)
- Operating unit (Selection, Time-division, Control) (Bediengerät: Auswahl, Zeitwahl, Steuerung)
Page 6: Figure 1b — Computer Rear Panel
[page 6: figure only]
Labels visible on the rear-panel diagram:
- Rechnerrückseite — Computer rear side
- Kompensator magazine (Kompensatormagazin)
- Power unit (Netzgerät)
- Potentiometer switches / plug-in unit for the DEX module (Steckeinheit für Bau-Gruppe DEX)
- Switch for connecting bus (Türen zu Anschlußleiste)
- Fuse compartment (Zu Sicherungsraum)
- Light switch / linear (Glimröhre, Pfleg. f. licht. Linear)
Page 7: Figure 1c — Hauptrechner (HR) and Nebenrechner (NR) Rear Views
[page 7: figure only]
Labels on the diagram:
Hauptrechner (HR) — Main Computer:
- Anschlußleiste 1 (Connection strip 1)
- Digital display rel. DEX 802 (Digitalauszeige rel. DEX 802)
- Anschlußleiste 2 (Connection strip 2)
- Sicherungsautomaten (Circuit breakers)
Nebenrechner (NR) — Subordinate Computer:
- Anschlußleiste 1 (Connection strip 1)
- Anschlußleiste 2 (Connection strip 2)
- Sicherungsautomaten (Circuit breakers)
Page 8: Figure 1c — Operating Panel and Servo Adjustment Keyboard
[page 8: figure only]
Labels on the diagram (from top to bottom, left to right):
- Bediengerät u. Pot.-Einstelltastatur — Operating unit and potentiometer adjustment keyboard
- Servo-Pot.-Einstelltastatur — Servo potentiometer adjustment keyboard
- Anzeige — Display
- Steuertasten — Control keys
- Bediengerät — Operating unit
- Taste “Eingr.” (Key “Eingr.” = “Engage/Enter”)
- Taste “Holen” (Key “Holen” = “Fetch/Recall”)
- Taste “Menue” — Key “Menu”
1.0 Introduction
The RA 770 is an internally connected hybrid computing system from Telefunken. It consists, in the basic version, of a main computer (HR) with 1 to 1 subordinate computers (NR), each composed of 3 sub-units. The main computer is housed in the larger cabinet, while the subordinate computers are accommodated in the smaller cabinets. Both computers are identical in the computing elements they contain; they differ only in the control features and can be monitored via the Bediengerät (operating panel).
1.1 Switching On the Computer
Preprogrammed analog program files (APF) are loaded with the den Bedienungstasten (operating keys) on the Bedienungsfeld (operating panel) on Field “Eingabe” (Input). Thereafter the Programmierschalter (program switches) are set. This corresponds to what in the Bedienungsfeld is the Analogprogrammierfeld (Analog programming field). Switching on is performed through pressing the Taste “Beta” in the field “Eingabe” (Fig. 1a). Thereby the computer is activated and its circuits set into ready state.
The startup procedure is as follows: through the Taste “Beta” (Fig. 1a) the Simulation is started. The Taste causes the cursor to move to the next position. Then the key is pressed “Pause”; both come from the operator pressing of the keys; at this point the analog voltage is set to the initial value (IC-position).
1.2 Loading a Completed Analog Program File
Before loading a completed (i.e. fully programmed) analog program file (APF), the program has to be picked up from the Buchsenfeld (socket field) by hand and clipped on. The program file is the Analogprogrammierfeld. The Griffe (handles) of the program file are taken in both hands and it is inserted diagonally from the top and set down into the Buchsenfeld with the lower edge first; at the same time the right handle presses it into the socket field. The field is then latched down by the handle. The next step is to insert the label onto the programming field.
1.3 Description of the Function of the Central Bedienungsfeld (Operating Panel)
The central operating panel is the DEX digital module.
The Bedienungsfeld contains five functional groups:
- Display of the computing elements
- Control of the Rechenmaßstab (computing scale)
- System (Zeiteinheit / time unit)
- Control of the coefficient potentiometers
See also Figure 1d.
1.3.1 Number of Computing Elements
The number of computing elements available is in field “Auswahl” (Selection) and is entered together with the Bedienungstasten (operating keys). The individual element types are selected by pressing the keys “J”, “M”, and “V”; they select in the Bedienungsfeld which keys are to be pressed as well as whether the digits 0, 1, 2, 3 are entered. The selection indicates the number and type of the computing unit.
With “V” all Koeffizientenpotentiometer (coefficient potentiometers) and the controllable input configurations are simultaneously selected.
The “N-er” step represents the digit on the left of the field; i.e. the 9 indicates:
Page 11 (continued)
The Analogprogrammierfeld. The field is displayed with the link between field address and element number as follows. The digital display at the first position shows the selected address (P₀, P₁, P₂, P₃); at the second position appears the number of the Rechenblock (R₀₁, R₀₂,…); at the third position appears the element in the Rechenblock; and the fourth position shows the Rückmeldung (feedback/confirmation). When at the selected address no element is present, the display shows the code of the Ausnahmebedingung (exception condition).
Assignment table between address and element number:
| Field | Element Type | Address | Number of addresses |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | Coefficient potentiometers | 0 bis 9 | 0 |
| P | Servopotentiometers | 0 bis 9 | 0,1,7 |
| K | Power supply connections | 0 bis 9 | 0,1,7 |
| Y | Complementary Integrators/Memories | 0 bis 9 | 0,1,7 |
| Y | Complementary Summers | 0 bis 9 | 0,1,7 |
| V | Variable function generators | 0 bis 9 | 0 |
| U | Summers (Summierer) | 0 bis 9 | 0 |
| U | Dämpfer (Attenuators) | 0 bis 9 | 0 |
| T | Multipliers (Funktionsgeber) | 0 bis 9 | 0 |
| M | Variable function generators | 1,0,1,0 | 0 |
| M | Variable function generators | 1,0,1,0 | 0 |
| I | Einzelanschluss am Apterfeld | 9 | 0 |
1.3.2 Manual Switches (Handschalter) of the Computing Elements
The Handschalter of the computing elements are linked with the Bedienungstasten (operating keys); they are either free-running or programmable (address-selectable) and enable entering of the initial conditions, changing the time unit, or controlling of the Rechenmaßstab. The operator can enter an initial value for each time step as follows.
Page 12
Output of starting-address-selectable computing elements via a connected digital printer.
The key “Holt” activates the printing of the Länge (length) of the printer. This triggers a printout of the digital display values and of the address.
The key “Druckt” sends a command to activate the printer at the Digitalvoltmeter and thus triggers the printing. At the same time one can cause printouts on the Digitalvoltmeter according to the preset “Regel” (control) or “It”. The printout is executed in the order of the Potentiometereinzelstellung (individual potentiometer setting) from the computing Bedienungsfeld.
Automatic Selection:
The start address is activated by the Ansaugtasten (selection key). The key “Holt” performs the first output of the operating conditions. This proceeds element by element until all elements are listed. The time unit is then 70 ms × 0.5 s.
The key “Stop” interrupts the list after each printed element — a new entry can then be entered in the list. The key “Extern” closes the list — it is immediately executed in the correct mode. The address of the operating mode is activated by the “It”-key to the left and “Eingr.”(enter) to the right of the Bediengerät.
Automatic mode:
The automatic mode is activated by the Ansaugtasten. The key “Holt” executes the first output of the starting conditions. This proceeds from element to element in Feld “Auswahl” in the order of the preselected programmed addresses, until all assigned addresses have been listed.
1.3.3 Foot Switch (Fußschalter)
In the field “Zeitwahl” (Time Selection) the three-phase process can be monitored using three Zeitgebern (timers) in equal Feld steps. This phasing appears as twofold:
- standard: one normal and one complementary Rechensyklus
- alternative: one normal and one complementary computing cycle with two preprogrammed addresses per cycle
The field “Zeitwahl” contains five functional groups:
- Zeiteinheit (time unit)
- Rechenmaßstab
- Anhalten with Halt
- Timer/Counter
- Steuerung (control) of the Rechenmaßstab
The Taste “Beta” starts it (Fig. 1a) — it runs the program from the left side. The Taste “Note” is then pressed (see the Bedienkonsole).
Page 13
The duration of the three phases is in the three Zeitgebern (timers) in the same field. The phasing is twofold: one standard (twofold) and one complementary (onefold). The Bediengerät can be brought to a halt with three operating keys:
- Taste “Dauer” (Key “Duration”) — halts after a computation
- Taste “Rechnen mit Halt” — halts after three phases
- Taste “Iter. mod. Halt” — halts after iteration
1.3.3.1 Setting the Zeiteinheit (Time Unit)
The setting of the time unit T₀ for the normal and the complementary Rechensyklus is performed using the black Drücker (pushbutton) at Zeitgeber (timer) Z1. The setting is simultaneously modified and corrected for the Analogprogrammierfeld and is multiplied by the Zeitfaktor 071:
T₀ = F₂₅₁ × Z71
The Zeiteinheit for the normal computing cycle T₀ is obtained by adding the Rechenradius R 2 (Z2) and the Zeitgeber 4 (Z4) and multiplying them:
T₀ = F₂₀₄ × Z71
1.3.3.2 Setting the Rechenmaßstab (Computing Scale)
The Rechenmaßstab for the normal Rechensyklus is formed by addition of the Rechenradius R 2 Z2 and the Complementary Rechenmaßstab 2 (Z2):
T_R1 = F₂₀₃ × Z71
The Rechenmaßstab for the complementary Rechensyklus is obtained through the Zeitgeber 1 Z1 by addition of the Complementary Rechenmaßstab:
T_R2 = F₂₃₃ × Z71
1.3.3.3 The Haltezeit (Hold Time)
The Haltezeit for both the normal and the complementary Rechensyklus equals:
T_H = Z71
The Haltezeit can consist of 10 µsec, 10ms, 100ms, or 1s.
It is possible to operate with 10 µsec, 10ms, 100ms.
Page 14
1.3.3.4 Setting the Rechenmaßstab Vierstellig (Four-digit)
The four-digit setting of the Rechenmaßstab is only possible by means of the “Input” (“Eingabe”) and “Output” (“OTT”). T_R and T_R are set independently. The setting is performed as an approximation to the desired values of Z2 and OTT. T_R and T_R do not have common factors. The setting is done via an approximation to the basic value of 10 µsec and 10ms:
T_R = [100µs × F₂₂₃ + F₂₁] × Z71
This means the scale can be adjusted by key “10 × V” from 100µs to 10ms.
1.3.3.5 The 10× Key
The key “10 ×” (10 times) in the Bedienungsfeld operates as follows: the Grundtasten (base keys) set the Rechenmaßstab to the basic value from which the factor 10 can be selected.
1.3.3.6 The Timer/Counter
The Timer/Counter in field “Steuerung” (control) gives the key “10 ×” V from Zeitgeber 10 × 10 through the use of Grundtasten (basic steps). The value will be set at the Analogprogrammierfeld via the factor 10 using the basic values. This value is derived from the Datenbus der nächsten nächsten (successive data bus) addresses:
T_R₁ = F₂₀₃ × Z71
1.3.3.7 Steuerung des Rechenmaßstabs (Control of the Computing Scale)
The direct control of the Rechenmaßstab with step (one step at a time) is: a repetitive Rechenmaßstab with separate Integrationsgrupppen (integration groups). In the case of Parallelbetrieb (parallel operation) of both computers, the functions of the Rechenmaßstab of the Nebenrechner (NR) are controlled correspondingly.
About the possibilities for the Vorgegeben (pre-set) computing programs, with connection of the Taste “Menue” and the DEX digital module, it is possible to run the detailed operating instructions from Telefunken in Chapter 4.
1.3.3.8 Steuerung (Control) of the Rechenmaßstab — Operating Procedure
Controlling the currently loaded computing programs:
The direct control function consists of (via Taste “Eigen”) of:
PAUSE: The key “Pause” interrupts the currently running computing program and switches it temporarily into Pause mode. After integration of the initial conditions (IC), any desired changes to the program can be made, and the program can continue. The key “Pause” switches the Rechenwerk (computing unit) into the Pause mode and freezes the integration progress. After the key “Pause” is released and operation is resumed, the preselected program is continued from the current point.
RECHNEN: The key “Rechnen” (Compute) interrupts the Rechenmaßstab. It continues the interrupted program to the current time point. After the key is released (at any Zeitpunkt = time), the Rechenwerk will be switched to the Rechenmaßstab basic value and the timer will be started.
HALTEN: The key “Halten” (Hold) switches the Rechenwerk forward, from where it was stopped by the Taste “Rechnen.” It holds from the last reached Grundtakt position and the key will cause it to be moved to the position of the Grundtakt basic position. The key “Halten” is then: it is brought to the computing state “Halten” (hold).
WEITER: The key “Weiter” (Continue) continues the Rechenwerk forward, from where it was in the computing state “Halten” (hold).
1.3.3.2 Vorwählung des Rechenmaßstabs (Preselection of the Computing Scale)
Computing programs are set in “Pause” mode and started with the key “Rechnen” (Compute).
A specific Rechenwerk will be activated:
- a) by pressing the key “Init” or “Pause”
- b) by pressing the key “Rechnen” or “Beta” as it activates the start-IC from the programmed initial conditions, if applicable
- c) by activating a Diagnose at Zeitgeber or by starting (by pressing) of an analogue R-program on button B.
Page 15
RECHNEN MIT HALT — the “mit Halt” key:
After the end of the Rechenzyklusphasen “Pause” and “Rechnen” (Compute), the Rechenwerk is set into the computing state “Halt” according to the operating time T₀ of the Rechenzyklus. From this time state, the computing is continued by pressing “Weiter” (Continue); the computing time T₀ is then continued from the computed position.
REPETIERENDES RECHNEN — the key “Repet.” (Repetition):
The Repetierendes-Rechnen-Halt (repetitive computing halt) is initiated at the start of the Zyklus (cycle) T₀, T_P₁, T_R₁, T_H. From the preset choice of the Haltezeit T₀₁, it will be set to the shortest possible Rechenzeit (computing time) up to the time at which the next T₀₁ is reached. The key “Repet.” will then repeat it until the Analogprogramm (analog program) of the DEX module is reached according to the specified sequence T₀₁ for Pause and Halt.
ITERIERENDES RECHNEN — the key “It. Aut.”:
With an Iterierendem Rechnen (iterative computing) an optimum algorithm is employed with individual Integrationsgruppen (integration groups). It is executed at the end of a computing segment in the most appropriate Rechenmaßstab. After the Verarbeitungsvorgang (processing) has finished, the Rechnen (computation) proceeds (key “Rechnen Repet.”). The iterative computing “It. Aut.” terminates the List — it is then permanently in “Hold” mode. The key “Extern” continues the cycle of the Programs. It is given: the key “Halt” is found.
1.3.4 Setting the Coefficient Potentiometers
In the field “Steuerung” (Control) in field “J” or “M” in field “Auswahl” (selection) all potentiometers of the analog program and of the individual Rechenelemente (computing elements) are selected as a result of the preset position (approx. −1.0 V). The potentiometer setting is performed with the separately programmable Bedienungstasten (operating keys) and is done in the analog program.
Page 16 (continued)
The manual switch at field “Steuerung” is activated by the Liner-Adresse (linear address) T_R connected to the individual digital printer.
The key “Holt” activates the printing of the coefficient potentiometers. The Länge (length) of the printing is activated by the Rechenmaßstab. The key “Druckt” is pressed to activate the digital display and triggers the printing. With the key “It” one sends a command to the Digitalvoltmeter to activate the preset “Regel” (control) or “It”. The printout then starts in the prescribed order of the Potentiometereinzelstellung from the Rechenfeld.
Automatic Mode:
The automatic mode is activated by the Ansaugtasten. The key “Holt” executes the first start condition. This proceeds from element to element until all elements are listed by the Feld “Auswahl” in the sequence preset by the program.
1.3.3.1 Steuerung des Betriebsstatus (Control of the Operating Status)
Control of the currently loaded computing programs:
The Eigensteuerung des Rechenwerkes (self-control of the computing unit) consists of (Taste “Eigen”):
PAUSE: The key “Pause” interrupts the currently running program and brings it into the Pause state temporarily. After integration of the initial conditions (IC), any desired changes can be made and the program can be continued. The key “Pause” switches the Rechenwerk into the Pause state and the integration stops. The key “Pause” also makes it possible to switch into the preselected program at a set Bedienungseinzelstellung (single operator setting).
RECHNEN: The key “Rechnen” interrupts the Rechenmaßstab. The computing continues to the current time step. After releasing the key, the Rechenwerk is switched to the basic Rechenmaßstab and the timer is restarted.
HALTEN: The key “Halten” advances the Rechenwerk from the position interrupted by “Rechnen.” It holds from the last-reached Grundtakt (base clock) position and the key will move it to the basic position. The computing state “Halten” is then reached.
WEITER: The key “Weiter” continues the Rechenwerk from the computing state “Halten.”
1.3.3.2 Vorwählung der Rechenmaßstabs (Preselection of the Computing Scale)
Computing programs are set to “Pause” mode and started with the key “Rechnen.”
A specific Rechenwerk is activated:
- a) by pressing the key “Init” or “Pause”
- b) by pressing the key “Rechnen” or by operating a Beta-Button, which initiates the start-IC from the programmed initial conditions
- c) by activating a Diagnose at the Zeitgeber or by starting the analog R-program at button B.
Page 17 (continued)
This enables a defined Verknüpfung (interlinking) to take place. When T_R is the preset Zeitschrittfaktor (time step factor) and T_D is the Pausenzeitfaktor (pause-time factor), this applies for T_R × T_D as the Rechenmaßstab giving:
[T_R₀ = n × GTR]
n numerisch, positive
n = 1, 2 oder 2.1
With the key “It. Aut.” the Rechenwerk is activated in connection with the DEX digital module. An unlimited number of programs can be run in iteration.
A REPETIEREND program is paused at the Startpunkt (start point) of the Zyklus by pressing “Pause” and “Rechnen”. The key “Note” gives the option of interrupting a running program midway (Taste “Rechnen” is currently active). The key “Extern” switches the list end of the program. That key “Halt” is found.
1.3.4 Setting the Coefficient Potentiometers
In the field “Steuerung” the key “J” in field “Auswahl” (Selection) selects all potentiometers of the analog program including the individual computing elements as a result of the preset position (approx. −1.0 V). The potentiometer setting is performed with the separately programmable operating keys and performed in the analog program.
1.3.4.1 Hand Potentiometers (Handpotentiometer)
The hand potentiometers are connected via the Liner-Adresse 3.4 to the corresponding Rechenfeld address. The setting of the Hand Potentiometers is done by hand at the Analogprogrammierfeld. The slider (Schleifer) in the middle will adjust the Potentiometereinzelstellung. The address of the potentiometer is set to the address and operates from f (does not apply) to 1 (one).
1.3.4.2 Servo Potentiometers (Servopotentiometer)
The setting of the individual item of a Servopotentiometer is done within the tolerance of −0.0 and 1.0 (−1 Einheit spec). The Bedienungsfeld addresses will be set through the key “Pot.” (Potentiometer) next to the Rechenmaßstab:
The approximate setting of the required value by pressing the key “Pot.” — the correction and precise setting of the setting are performed similarly. The exact setting reaches approximately 0.1% tolerance.
With the numeric keys the Rechenmaßstab can be set even more precisely. The key “Pot.” enters, the list will be confirmed larger.
With the key at the left direction the Rechenmaßstab increases;
with the key at the right direction the Rechenmaßstab decreases.
A different precise setting of a Servopotentiometer is possible.
1.4 Description of the Analog Programming Field (AFP) and the Programming of the Individual Elements
1.4.0 General Overview of the Analog Programming Field
The analog programming field (AFP) is arranged in 10 rows (fields). These are numbered from top to bottom (0 to 9). The lower rows 0 to 3 (Row B) are used for the free input signal lines; Rows 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 as well as Fields 6 and 7 have essentially the same structure.
Left and right in each Field there is one correctly-connected reference voltage of ±10 V. The cross-connections from AFP to AFP (i.e., signal connections from one AFP to another) are made using Banana Plugs. The individual AFP elements can also be connected to one another with a single cable. Banana plugs can carry a certain number of connections simultaneously. They are simply pulled out once a connection is no longer needed.
Error due to faulty insertion of the Anfangswert (initial value) Aₒ: Left and right in each Field are reference voltages with which the connections of the AFP can be verified.
[page 20: figure only — AFP layout diagram showing Fields 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 with P-control panels, Comparator, Modulation Multiplier, Potentiometers, Blocks for fixed function generators, and free inputs for Nichtstecker (non-amplifier) inputs]
[page 21: figure only — AFP layout diagram showing Fields II (Fields 6 and 7), with T-control panel going into “Half” position, connections from G, Comparator, Measurement amplifier/conversion output/multiplier buses, Schnellverbundscher (fast connector), additional connection for the interval for Richtlinie (guidelines), Directive, Schrittschalter (step switch), DO-Anschlussboxes]
1.4.6 Reference Voltages
Colors of Reference Voltage Lines:
- red = Positive reference voltage (+10 V) × 1
- blue = Negative reference voltage (−10 V) × 1
- white = Reference ground
1.4.6′ Coefficient Potentiometers
In the AFP there are coefficient potentiometers from 0 to 0 with 1 pole. Potentiometers 1 from the AFP are connected from 0 to 1. In the den Referenz-Stellen (reference positions) of the AFP there are either Anfangswert-1 or 12 Anfangsstationen. In the reference stations the wiper signal corresponds to the upper side data range, die. The programming is done with the number program. It is important to note that the wiper (potentiometer center tap) is at the rightmost position. This always executes the potentiometer as the number programmed. The potentiometer scale is the corresponding lower range. Programming notes and reference notations must always be made at the scale.
Setting: The potentiometers can be adjusted with a screwdriver or similar tool. The setting is made at scale 1 (1:1). All potentiometers operate with a setting tolerance of ±1.5.
1.4.6′ The Rechnerverbinder (Computer Connector)
The Rechnerverbinder is connected in full with multiple Verstärker (amplifiers) simultaneously and is programmed as an open Verbinder (connector) for Summierern, Integratoren and Speicherfunktionen. For the programming of such a combination applies:
- green = Input of the Rechnerverbinders
- orange = Output of the Rechnerverbinders
- blue = Parallel switching of the, but Relaisverbinder
- white = Reference ground; Steuerlinie, Einschluss
- schwarz (black) = Steuereingang of the relay drive
1.4.5.1 Instantaneous Amplifiers
All instantaneous amplifiers (i.e., all immediately-acting amplifiers such as Summierern (summers), Integratoren (integrators), Speichern (sample-holds), and Komplementär-Integrierer/Speichern (complementary integrators/sample-holds)) are stabilized. All Fields initially only provide instantaneous amplifiers. They are provided with ±1, 4 Eingänge (inputs). In addition, each unit provides two additional free input signal lines are available through the programming. It is important to note that the scaling through-input (the β-input of the amplifier) gives a result 1 in the Anfangswert. This means that for input values βₙ = ±1/(4 h₁, 2, 3), the scaling factor can be calculated as 50 (1, 2, 1, 3). When programming with the “Static Program” function, see also the full operating instructions. In the event the instantaneous value of the β factor is always the upper half data range executes. There is an error due to faulty insertion of the initial value Aₒ.
1.4.5.1 Summers
Address U₁, P in the Field with a Kennbuchstabenbezeichnung (identification letter designation) 2. The summer has its input in Referenz/Steuerlinie (reference/control line) 2 which is connected with G with R, and G and Z with R at reference ground.
The Eingangswiderstände (input resistances) as designated in the data. The summer’s output is formed by the inversion of a Referenz-Eingang (reference input) with Anfangswert. A simple summer is built by the input in Field 2 through Anwendungsbeispiele (application examples) with an inversion at its output.
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the summer — showing op-amp with input resistors connected to output with feedback]
1.4.3.1.2 Integrators
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description 1
The Trennschalter (disconnect switch) is set so that each of its halves is an ”∫” symbol. For the selection of the integrator from the AFP there is instead a simple short-circuit plug. The integration time constant can be selected using Buchse R (socket R). The programming is done with an R of 10 or 100. When operating via the “Static Program” function, see also the full operating instructions in this description. For the multiplier factor 50 (1, 3, 1, 5), the following time constants can be achieved:
- without a disconnect switch: t = 10 s or t = 100 s
- with a switch: t = 10 s or t = 100 s
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the integrator]
1.4.3.1.3 Sample-Hold (Speicher)
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description 1
The sample-hold (Speicher) is found in the iterative computing stages (Rechenstufen) depending on the program. The Trennschalter (disconnect switch) is set so that ”∫” is connected in its upper half. The integration time constant can likewise be placed at under 10∫ or 100∫, and the Speicherkondensatoren (storage capacitors) of 10 μs to 1000 ms are available using the same Zonenkondensatoren (zone capacitors).
Buchse R — white Buchse P
Buchse R — white Buchse P
[note: programming connections for sample-hold mode]
The Anfangswert (initial value) is set via the socket labeled R.
1.4.3.1.5 Complementary Integrators
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description I
Complementary integrators appear during iterative computing when the sign of the Rechenprogramm (computing program) changes. The Trennschalter is set so that each upper half has a ”∫” symbol. The integration time constant is still under 10∫ or 100∫, and the same Zonenkondensatoren from 1s to 1000ms are available.
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the complementary integrator — showing dual op-amp configuration with cross-coupled feedback]
[page 26: figure — symbolic circuit diagram (continued) showing the initial value signal path with initial value fed in via socket R]
The Anfangswert (initial value) is applied via socket R.
1.4.3.1.5 Complementary Integrators
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description I
Complementary integrators are found in the iterative computing stages depending on the program. The Trennschalter is set so that each upper half connects ”∫” symbol. The integration time constant is also selectable as under 10∫ or 100∫ with the same Zonenkondensatoren of 1 ms to 1000 ms.
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the complementary integrator]
1.4.3.1.5 Complementary Sample-Hold (Komplementärer Speicher)
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description I
Programming is done as for a normal Speicher (sample-hold) under section 1.4.3.1.3, but with the following modified connections:
Buchse P — white Buchse F
Buchse R — white Buchse P
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the complementary sample-hold]
1.4.3.1.6 Open Amplifier (Offener Verstärker)
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description 5
For programming of the open amplifier only the Trennschalter is needed. It is set so that, in addition, the lower part covers ”+” and is connected to the D- and R-Relaiserde (relay ground).
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the open amplifier — showing amplifier without feedback network]
1.4.3.1.7 Individually-Controllable Integrator/Sample-Hold
Field Address 0, P — Identification Description 1
Integrators and sample-holds can be individually controlled independently of the overall machine mode (i.e., independently of the AFP). Programming is done using the control input in the circuit diagram, which shows the connection of a binary 0 or 1 at the digital input that causes the corresponding relay to switch or the switch contact to close.
Integrator: [figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the individually-controllable integrator]
Sample-Hold (Speicher): [figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of the individually-controllable sample-hold]
1.4.3.1.8 Timing Diagram for Computing at Integrator/Sample-Hold
[page 29: figure only — timing diagram showing the temporal sequence for integrator and sample-hold operation. The diagram shows multiple timing traces including: computing mode, the AFP modes (IC, OP, HOLD), relay switching signals (rel. 1, rel. 2), computer start trigger, Anfangswert (initial value) switch, and the resulting Integrierer/Speicher (integrator/sample-hold) output response over time]
1.4.3.1.9 Table of Required Connections for the Operating Modes of the Switchable Amplifiers
| Operating Mode | Socket Connections |
|---|---|
| Summerer (Summer) | H – d; U – Relaiserde, with feedback |
| Integrierer (Integrator) | H – h, possibly short-circuit plug over 10∫ or 100∫; R – r |
| Kompl. Integrierer (Complementary Integrator) | H – H, possibly short-circuit plug over 10∫ or 100∫; R – F |
| Speicher (Sample-Hold) | H – r, feedback over 10-input of a coupled free network; R – P |
| Kompl. Speicher (Complementary Sample-Hold) | H – F, feedback over 10-input of a coupled free network; R – P |
| Off. Verstärker (Open Amplifier) | H – d; U – Rel.-erde |
1.4.3.7 Summerers
In addition to the switchable integrator-summers, additional further summers are present in both field types. These are likewise stabilized and are directly connected. For feedback correction, they are provided with a single input signal path.
1.4.3.7.1 Summer I
Field Address 0 to 9, Row F — Field Address 1, Identification Table 5
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of Summer I — showing op-amp with input resistors and feedback]
1.4.3.7.2 Summer II
Field Address 6, 7 — Field Address 1, Identification Table 2
[figure: actual circuit diagram and symbolic circuit diagram of Summer II]
1.4.3.7.3 Summer III
Field Address 0 to 9 — Field Address 1, Identification Table 2
Summer III is required during step-function (Schrittfunktion) calculation with the non-linear Trennschalter (as used in Parabelmultiplizierer and for the U-amplifier function). For its B-input, the signal is applied and then the output is used as input amplifier.
[figure: figure only — schematic of Summer III (Abb. 14.3.2.1) showing circuit with contact “c” that closes only at “Tot” (dead-band) and “Null” (zero); includes two amplifier blocks SI (with inputs and output) and SII (with inputs/outputs), connected to DVM; component values shown: 100 kΩ input, 20 kΩ, 200 kΩ, 200 kΩ, 200 kΩ (I and II sections) with 5 kΩ feedback; symbolic circuit diagram shows potentiometer versions of the two summers]
1.4.3.5 Inverters (Umkehrer)
In addition to the summers and integrators, a number of Umkehrer (inverters) are available on the AFP. The Umkehrer is connected to the AFP via the D-socket and Kennbuchstabenbezeichnung (identification letter designation).
They are present in corresponding quantity, at which the corresponding D-socket is located.
[figure: symbolic circuit diagram of the inverter — op-amp with unity-gain feedback for sign inversion]
1.4.3.5.1 U-amplifier (U-Verstärker)
Field Address 0 to 9, Row C — no Anzahl (quantity) to the Buchse (socket), Field Address 1 — keine Anzahl (no quantity)
The U-amplifier provides the following function and is used only for Trennschalter combinations. It is set up and included with part “c” covering ”+”. The d-input is connected with “E” and D-Relaiserde (relay ground). For its “I” inputs it is used to provide Eingangsnetzwerken (input networks) at E to summing.
The inputs with “I” correspond to the characteristic inputs (Richtlinie 1); the inputs with “II” correspond to the characteristic Eingänge (inputs) Q.
[figure: symbolic circuit diagram of the U-amplifier]
1.4.3.5.1 Sign-Inverter (Vorzeichen-Umkehrer)
Field Address 0 to 9, Row C — Field Address 1 — keine Anzahl
This inverter allows switching between two busses, the which is controlled by either pressing the appropriate key before the function corresponding to ”►” or ”◄” symbol is selected. The equivalent element is described as pressing this before each operation.
1.4.4 Multipliers
In the AFP there are two multiplier types available:
- a) Parallel multiplier
- b) Modulation multiplier
The units in the AFP fields provide 10 Modulations-multiplizierern (modulation multipliers). The multipliers can be used for Multiplikation/Division und Quadratur/Betragsfunktionen (multiplication/division and quadrature/magnitude functions).
1.4.4.1 Parallel Multiplier (Parallelmultiplizierer)
In each Field of the AFP on the Buchse (socket) bus of the Magazine is located the connection for the switch-in of the Parallel multiplier for various combinations. The Parallelmultiplizierer is placed nearest to the AFP Magazine rack.
Each Buchse R and X provides a connection which provides parallel connections going to a second Verstärker (amplifier). The programming provides: for Summierern 4, 3, it provides the output parallel connected to both outputs (T angle with a first Verstärker). Programming is available. Summierern 4, 3 from field L gives this output which outputs the parallel double-connected output to the T. Program is available.
The two parallel-connected outputs of (T angle with the first Verstärker) the output is an T-connected double Verstärker output.
1.4.4.2 Modulations Multiplier (Modulationsmultiplizierer)
In all Fields of the AFP under rows 6 and 7 there is a single Modulations-multiplizier (modulation multiplier) in each place. The Modulationsmultiplizierer provides two products:
X/N × (Y) and -X/N × (M)
for the Buchse where a. Pt. with the Modulationsmultiplizierer for the direct calculation.
1.4.4.3 Parabelmultiplizierer (Parabola Multiplier) in Detail
See Chapter 7.4.5
1.4.9 Function Generators (Funktionsgeber)
In each AFP field in Field 1 (Feldreihe I) there are one Universal Function Generator and one Schrittfunktions-Funktionsgeber (step-function generator), and in addition also one Kanalgeber (channel function generator) and one Magazin (magazine). In the 64 Field slots there are Variable Funktionsgeber (variable function generators) available, and in the Magazin (64-bit unit) there are 1 Modulationsmultiplizierer (modulation multiplier) and 1 Eingänge (inputs) available. Additionally, the Magazin provides the capability of inserting additional Nicht-lineare-Funktionsgeber (nonlinear function generators) as plug-in modules.
1.4.5.1 Fixed Function Generators (Feste Funktionsgeber)
In the Magazine for Richtlinie Netzwerke (reference networks) in place of the Parabelmultiplizierer:
The following standard functions can be generated:
- a) x = x² und für −1 ≤ x ≤ +1
- b) sin x, sin³ x, cos x, cos³ x für −1 ≤ x ≤ +1
- c) |x| arcsin x für −0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.01 → ±1
Details are given in Chapters 9 and 5.6 of the full operating instructions.
1.4.5.1.7 Universal Functions
The Funktionsgeber (function generator) for Richtlinie-Netzwerke operates in closest proximity to the AFP on a strip of slots B0 to B9. The Primärstufe BQ 0 to BQ 9 has the following switchable positions:
- a) Begrenzer (limiter)
- b) Totzonen-Systeme (dead-zone systems)
- c) Sättigungs-Systeme (saturation systems)
b) Nachführregler für Feld 0.5 (follow-up controller for Field 0.5) c) Logarithmusfunktion (logarithm function)
See also the Chapter description in Chapters 9 and 10 of the full operating instructions.
1.4.5.1.7 Variable Function Generators (Variable Funktionsgeber)
In the Magazine for Richtlinie Netzwerke (reference networks) in place of the Parabelmultiplizierer, Variable Funktionsgeber (variable function generators) VAR can be inserted. See also Chapter 9, Kap. 5.4.7 in the full operating instructions.
1.4.5.2 Variable Function Generators
1.4.5.2.1 Simple Variable Function Generators
If a value is entered on the APP in fields 0 through 7, and field 7 is a variable (as shown in the corresponding illustration), the operator selects the appropriate diode network. The 30 potentiometers of the diode network are set equidistant and then adjusted so that x = 0 maps to 30 × 0.1 = 3 V (that is, approximately 3 V). The resolution of the approximation can reach 2 °/V under 1.7 °/V with a small additional improvement. A slight increase in precision can be achieved.
1.4.5.2.2 Attenuators
An amplification-increasing attenuator of the function generator serves as an attenuator if the output of the APP is left unconnected. Since the function generator therefore does not necessarily require an amplifier, it is possible to use it with two attenuator potentiometers (attenuator a and attenuator b). Each servo potentiometer can be addressed directly via the APP without the corresponding amplifier being needed. At least one of the two must always be connected to a servo potentiometer. An increase in precision is possible with the smallest step.
1.4.5.2.3 Attenuators (continued)
The attenuators of the function generator serve as attenuators on the APP in fields 0 and 1. At the output of the APP approximately 2 identical Servo-Potentiometer attenuators are available. The values at the fields in the addressing book correspond to the transfer ratios for a back-reference of 200 kΩ.
1.4.6 Electronic Resolver (Coordinate Transformer)
An electronic resolver is available in each field as a single uncomplicated computation element. It occupies only 1 field on the patch panel. The resolver can also generate sin and cos functions of a given argument. The resolver is useful as a digital voltmeter and as a touchscreen tool for one-dimensional approximation. The advantage of the optional resolver over the digital voltmeter is that the resolver does not require an amplifier for the function generator. At least one resolver, a JOX 1 amplifier (optional), can be used to substitute it, as the measurement of this function generator is adequate. The resolver is not highlighted in green to indicate it is unavailable.
Tasks:
-
Coordinate transformation: Cartesian → Polar coordinates
- Y = R · sin ϑ
- X = R · cos ϑ
-
Coordinate transformation: Polar → Cartesian coordinates
- Y = −(something)
- X = R · something
-
4 × 2 coordinate multiplications with parallel multipliers
1.4.6.1 Coordinate Transformation
Cartesian to Polar Coordinates
To call up the resolver, the button “−T” is pressed. This places a resolver at the operator’s disposal. Between the symbol “D” and the button “−T” there are always two inputs R and ϑ available. Using arbitrary inputs R and ϑ, the quantities can be transformed.
[page 39: figure only — resolver patch-panel diagram and coordinate transformation circuit diagram]
1.4.6.2 Coordinate Transformation
Polar to Cartesian Coordinates
The button “−T” is pressed, so that the resolver is called up. The symbol “D” is printed on the resolver patch area. On the coordinate system x₁, y₁ it is given that the coordinate system x, y is rotated by angle ϑ = ϕ/π. The new coordinates are x₁ and y₁.
[page 40: figure only — polar-to-Cartesian coordinate transformation circuit diagrams]
1.4.6.4 Multipliers
The button “M·D·” is pressed before the APP is called up. Eight parallel multipliers are available for forming 2 × 7 dependent products.
- −Y₁ = D · R₁
- −Y₂ = D · R₂
- X₄ = Z · B
- X₅ = Z · A
1.4.6.5 Dampers
The button “D·” must be lit before programming begins.
[page 41: figure only — multiplier and damper patch-panel circuit diagrams]
1.4.7 Comparators
In each field there are comparator amplifiers X and two comparator amplifiers b. The maximum switching voltage is ±10 V. The inputs of the comparator amplifiers can be driven by the two programmable logic elements. Programming is performed via the APP.
At the output of the comparator amplifier a logical “1” appears if the value is greater than Null (zero); a logical “0” appears if the value is less than Null. Since the inputs (fields a and b) each represent a single input, the attenuator potentiometers must always be turned on at the upper end. There must be no parallel-connected open-circuit attenuators.
It is important — in the presence of oscillation — to note that the comparator, along with a jumper, is prevented from oscillating. It is necessary to hold a time constant, in order that no steps in reference-input oscillation occur.
For the comparator-amplifier system (see Chapter 5.6, Section 5.59 in the detailed operating manual):
1.9.8 Noise Generator
The buttons for noise generation 9W and 9Y are found in fields 7 and 7 at the push-buttons. The programming instructions are found in Chapter 5.6 (Page 5.6) of the detailed operating manual.
1.9.9 Switches
Up to ten handwheels are found in fields 0 through 9.7 on the front panel. The Handwheel is addressed from the APP under the main-purpose address. The switches in fields are set to the corresponding address from the APP under the single-purpose setting. In the middle position the switches should not be addressed from the APP, in order to avoid short circuits.
| Max. switch current | 50 mA |
|---|---|
| Max. switching voltage | 70 V |
Two-section switch outputs are located in fields 7 and 9. The control is accomplished by:
- (a) Automatic parameter variation
- (b) Automatic readout to recording instruments
See also Chapter 1.9.9 (Sections 5.39 and 4.6).
1.9.10.7 ALS- and AWS-Jacks
See Figure 11b.
The ALS-AWS-jack accommodates an input resistance of 1 kΩ, ±1 V, so that the attenuation-amplifier gain corresponds. The AWS-jacks represent a resistance of ±1 V, so that the attenuation input — the termination resistance — corresponds.
The ALS-AWS-jacks have hollow pins for plug-in connections, for the jacks, the comparators, and the maximum potentiometers.
[page 44: figure only — ALS/AWS jack photograph and diagram]
1.4.10.3 Free Patch Points
See Figure 1.4.6.7.
Circuit Diagram:
The free patch points are useful, e.g., when the number of amplifier connections should be reduced in order to avoid problems. They serve to record the structure of the analog program by connecting from and to peripheral sections thereof.
1.4.11 Control Buses, Input and Output Buses
Listed here are the most important computing elements for integrators, as well as the cross-connection possibilities on the analog computer, which are found as connections to or from peripheral sections thereof.
1.4.11.1 Status Bus (STB)
Field 7.9 — “Buchse” (socket), Field 7: The “Field 7” button (red diagram) at the machine is controlled. The STB button controls the status bus in the machine.
1.4.11.2 P₀-Bus — Buchse, Field 2.7
The OS and STB buttons are output registers for switchover for integrators. They are used for programming the POC/1 program entry and are read out as a bus connection.
One output of the OS/STB program — of the IOC drivers and the readout of the machine — is determined by the operator from the operating manual. An optional magnetic-tape unit and readout apparatus appears, and its description is given separately as a brochure, which is found underneath the DVM — Electronic-voltmeter panel.
1.5 The Various Operating Modes of the Machine
This chapter provides an initial overview of the possible operating modes. There are two operating modes available:
- Solo operation
- Parallel operation with digital computers
- Master-Slave operation
1.5.1 Solo Operation
In solo operation, programs run on the analog computer only. Various programs can be run prior to readout. The addresses are entered on the APP.
1.5.1.1 Setpoints of the Distribution Bus
For a given sample program (see Figure 1.5.1, Section 1.5.2), the sample control is started on the machine at the control panel (main MXC control on the machine, which activates the programming immediately). The machine begins addressing. If the setpoint is in the machine, then it operates directly upon the setpoint register. Pressing the “Hold” button sets the machine into Hold mode and the RA 770 is locked into the setpoint.
1.5.1.2 Control of the Machine’s Setpoint Register (SZE) — (against the setpoint)
The SZE gives the middle value of the machine counter with the machine locked in. From the SZE, one can then take the setpoint value. Then the machine is put into Hold at the setpoint control panel (the “Hold” button is put in); this sets the machine in reset mode. From there it drives both the “Hand” “0” = “Pause” and “B” = “Diode Plate” buttons on the RA 770.
1.5.2 Parallel Operation
During parallel operation the first fundamentals and the function-register input-field “Operation” from the main control panel are described. At the same time the setting of the Computation-Programs is not fully centralized. It can also happen that several Computation programs are not fully centralized. See also Chapters 1.9.9 — (Sections 5.39 and 4.6).
1.5.2.1 Readout of the Machine’s Register (BG) — against the setpoint register (PG)
If a single value is to be addressed by the machine, it must therefore be described here. An intermediate value is stored, and an intermediate step is performed. Section 1.5.1.2 above describes the process. For the intermediate step, the intermediate value is described.
1.5.2.2 Angle Inputs
The OS and STB buttons are output inputs for switchover. The OS button on the STB is connected to the BG button and the STB machine, and is displayed. An output from the BG of the STB-machines activates the field in the machine counter. One can then take the value at its output from the Machine.
1.5.3 Switching of the Operating Mode (SG) against the Setpoint
If a setpoint is given for the solo operation via the machine, one must therefore describe it here, i.e., via the intermediate step 1.5.1.2 — the intermediate value is written and intermediate steps performed. In the intermediate step, the intermediate value is specified.
1.5.3.1 Switching the Operating Mode (SG)
Is the operating mode changed from standalone operation, it is — as in 1.5.1.2 described — the process value entered and intermediate addressed; In this intermediate step the process value is entered.
1.5.3.2 Angle Inputs
The OS and STB buttons are output-angle inputs for switchover; the STB button on the OS side is connected to the BG button and the STB machine, and is displayed.
1.5.4 Establishing the Supplementary Feed for Main-Computer and Sub-Computer
For the supplementary feed it is necessary, to specify in the manner that a patch cable for each of the (1:1) field buses connects the addresses, and this cable is then connected at one address.
1.5.4.1 Setpoints of the Main Machine (SZE) against the Sub-Machine
The field entry is described in such a manner that it is — as already described — addressed. If two fields are requested, then there is a patch cable for each of the (1:1) field buses connecting the addresses together, and the cable is then connected at its output address.
1.5.4.2 Switching the Setpoint Register (SG) against the Sub-Machine Setpoint
Is the setpoint of the sub-machine switched, one must — as already described — connect both fields. For that purpose there is a patch cable for each of the (1:1) field buses connecting both addresses, and the cable is then put at its output address.