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Hitachi’s reevaluation of “What an analog com-
puter should be” resulted in a really easy-to-
operate machine...the HITACHI-200X.
Conventional analog hybrid computers seem to
require the user to have a considerable knowledge
or electronics, rather than knowledge of their own
profession. In this sense, a digital computer is
easier to operate. Hitachi believes an analog hybrid
computer must allow the user to draw a required
block diagram directly — and exactly — on its
patch board. It must not require the user to
translate mathematical matters into electronic
ones. The computer must COMPUTE all of what is
given in the form of a patched block diagram.
The HITACHI-200X has no special electronic
terms on its patch board. You can draw a block
diagram on a problem, with very basic common
knowledge on representation, and patch it on the
patch board as markings guide.
Design and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Front Panel
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+ 6
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E CONTROL PANEL ACT-241 ]
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HITACHI 200X
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HITACHI-200X simplifies solving
differential equations
Example 1. Linear 2nd order differential equation
© Problem
This is a spring oscillation problem. One end of
a spring is fixed to a position, and its elastic
modulus is k. A substance (mass m) is sus-
pended at the other end of the spring. Motion
of the center of gravity of the substance can be
given, if mass of the spring is neglected, as
follows:
k
Vv)
nY
“|x
d’x d ac
mre tke= 0 and, at t=0
d
on Co, = Cy
® Solution
: : d% h
By transforming the equation — oe
=
=~
2 q
D SS
Ps —
xe 9 Z
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Example 2. Nonlinear 2nd order differential equation
e Problem
Consider the nonlinearity of a spring constant
in the vibration system in Example 1. A damper
(damping factor r) is added to the system.
The equation of motion is given as follows, and
the spring characteristics f(x) is given in the
above figure —
ie)
Spring Spring
characteristics f (x) characteritics
dfx dx i
moaty tT tis)=0 At t= 0,
d
x=Co, = =r
e Solution
By transforming the equation —
ct & 1g
dt? m dtm
°,
a 4
4 ’
x
| @ |
Wine
—
SI RSS
OOF
ROR RS , aye
DOOPOOONYY ‘ 0 .
Graphic solution
| t
CONSEESER! VESIESERRL SIZSE DENI PESIS SSE GE
£ =
dx
i }
The HITACHI-200X boasts many innovative
features
- Three types of potentiometers
Direct programming as set forth by (potentiometer at a conventional computer)
equation Increased degree of freedom of setting
range
The Operational element has an equal sign at input and Three types of potentiometers cover a very wide range
output. with high accuracy. They cover the ranges of —0.1 to
It eliminates the trouble to inverse polarity of the signals in 0.1, —1 to 1, and —10 to 10..
preparing a block diagram. You can draw the diagram
directly as your’equation sets forth.
u No load effect on potentiometer
The potentiometers are completely freed from the load-
ing effect of operational element. No compensation for
7 ; we _ setting is required. Dialed values give accurate coefficients.
The patch board is not marked in electric terms; rather it is You need not make compensation for setting, such as the
marked with common codes for an operational block troublesome zero-method.
diagram. Patch it as your block diagram shows.
Now, the analog/hybrid computer is at your command!
No particular electric terms on panel
nladed
@)\ @:\ @:\ @:\ 6:
Simplified program debugging thanks to
the PCS function (Program Check System)
Functioning of the operational element and operation
block is readily checked for your patched program, without
requiring further operation. You need not prepare a de-
bugging program.
~
PCS CONTROL
Dual point-contact system for patch pins.
Perfect shielding between springs.
e Dual-point contact system
The patch pin and patch spring ensure perfect contact at
two points. The patch pin is inserted in more than the
normal position and returns to it when engaging is estab-
lished. Sliding motion: of the patch spring cleans the
contacts and keeps the patching free from defective con-
tact.
x Patch pin
4 y 4
Pate
spring ve
£max
Patc Pin slide process’
pin
| Sa EE
{ 3
Engaged
Disengage Sliding
e Perfect shielding
Patch springs are mounted inside the shielded wall. There is
no mutual induction of error voltages. The shielded walls
also protect the pins and springs from dust deposits.
Insulation
body
Abundant use of Integrated Circuits (IC)
All operational amplifiers are composed of IC modules,
guaranteeing the highest reliability of operation.
All kinds of computing element
No universal function is necessary for operators, merely
rendering user handling complicated. This is Hitachi’s idea!
Operators of the HITACHI 200X are complete with func-
tion for their assignment. It has made the dead space
limiter, hysteresis, and other nonlinear elements incompar-
ably easy to operate.
10
Digital coefficient amplifiers for facilitating
application to a hybrid system
Electronic digital coefficient amplifiers provide the follow-
ing two operation speeds: high operation speed of 10msec
and superhigh operation speed of 50 usec.
For example, they allow the following hybrid applications:
D-A conversion
+ D-A converted analog out-
+1 Input
put
— Inversed sign analog output
(Setting is controlled by a digital signal from the digital
computer.)
Multiplication of digital signal and analog signal
Input + Kf (x)
K
— K-f (x)
(Setting’is controlled by a digital signal f(x) from the digital
computer.)
Software service HIDASP is available.
The software package HIDASP (Hitachi Digitally-Aided
Scaling Program) readily prepares scale-converted (output
conversion and time axis conversion) operational formulas
and a patching list for an original equation (no electric
development of equation is required). The digital solution
obtained from the support will aid in checking the final
solution.
e Example of assistance by HIDASP
X¥+X+7x+y=0
~+0.7 $+ 4y — 5.6x = 0
Initial condition x =0,x =2, »=0 y=0
*** HIDASP SOURCE PROGRAM LIST ***
1* D2X —DIX—7.0* X—Y ) Source
2* D2Y —0.7* D1IY—4.0*Y + 5.6*X progra
Dos: xX
*
3* DIX INT (D2x, 0.) DIX: x
4* X INT (DIX, 2.0) Sea six
5* D1Y INT (D2Y, 0.) rp: %
6* Y INT (DIY, 0.) we : ‘4
ee
a OUT (D1X, X, D1Y, Y) FIN (T, 20.0)
8* FIN (T, 20.0) Calculate the
program for 20
9* END J seconds.
*** COMPILATION FINISHED ***
#** SCALE FACTOR ***
TSF = .20000E00
DIX = .SQO00E01 | Scale-converted values
X = .50000E01 { TSF: Time scale factor
D1Y = .10000E02
Y = .50000E01
This software service is only available when the digital
computer is furnished with 16KW core memory and disc
memory.
Software service DASC also available
The software package DASC (Digital Automatic Setting and
Checking Program) provides man-machine communication’
with a digital computer for the PCS (Program Check
System) function.
e Example of assistance by DASC
Test functioning of integrators No. 1 through No. 10 and
adders No. 1 through No. 3.
1/0 MACHINE
IN(0)O—10 Source program
CA(0)1—3 The device No. of analog computer is
RUN parenthesized.
IN: Integrator
CA: Adder
STATEMENT RUN
IN TESTING Result of test
HAD=0 TAD=10 AC=0 | HAD: No. of head element
0 9 TAD: No. of tail element
CA TEST OK AC: _ Device No. of analog
HAD=1 TAD=3 AC=0 computer
RUN END Result: Integrators 0 and 9
are defective.
*Refer to the Programming Manual for details of HIDASP and DASC.
11
12
Operation formula and symbols
for operational elements
Symbols of the elements are quite unique, but
they said your patching “as written in an equation.”
Computing
Element
Operation formula
Symbol
Een ee
Condition
SS
K=0.1, 1, 10 or
Integrator yak (xitaxetastx)1+C is 7 (10, 100, 1000)
es id TES |
K O< K<0.1 or O< K
Coefficient <1 or O< K<10
i y= kx = y —0.1< K<O or —1
POLenHOMetey <K<0O or —10<K
<O
Inverter TT os > — =I<g <1
Variable
function y=f( x ) y =l<y4 <1
generator
Sine function ;
y=sin(zx- x) 7% y —-l<y<1
generator
Consine
function y=cos(r- x) J =i<y<1
generator
Designation Operation formula Symbol Condition
Logarithmic —-1<y<1
function y=logio(10- x ) If —0.01 <x < 0.01,
generator y=0
OP xy Fxg a
Comparator “QO”, if xy +x. <0 mu
Transfer F
= p-8t t: delay time,
delay y=e
100us to 10s
element
y =x, if Dp = “1”
Electronic switch
y= 0, if D = 9”
e
D: control signal
Wiper and contact 1 are
closed, if D = “1”
sue
Relay Wiper and contact Ovare D: control signal
closed, if D = “0”
|
O0<a<l
Limiter x y -1<b<1
it Gradient 1
Dead zone he. 0<a<1
ss ye -1<b<0
element F 4 Gradient 1
1b al
y= bel
Absolute value =i Nz}- “ Gradient 1
, ya ] 0<a<05
Hysteresis z x y —0.5<b<0
/ ia Gradient 1
13
Here are actual examples you can use
with the analog hybrid computer.
14
@ Problem
A town’s total population of 1,000 has 10 patients suffer-
ing from an epidemic. 900 people are sensitive against the
epidemic, while the remaining 90 are immune from the
disease. On the average, a patient infects 1/1000 of the
infectious people per day. Infected patients recover and
become immune from the epidemic.
Obtain the following as a function of time;
(1) No. of infectious people X
(2) No. of patients Y
(3) No. of people having become immune Z
e Solution
Formulas for this problem are —
dx 1 dy 1 dz_ 1
1
a 10007" =a 1000" 14% a 14”
At t=0,x = 900, y = 10 and z = 90.
Assuming the estimated maximum value for x, y, and z as
1,000, the following equations (scale converted ones) are
obtained —
dx z yk
Faeconca
3) = (si) (i) -2-074|
1800 =| yooo | | 1000 1000
[ & y
La = 0.0714) igo0
At t=0, sts] =0- 3 0.01 =0.09
Block diagram
X: No. of people sensitive
to the epidemic iWigilizses
Example 2. Germs in polluted water
e Solution
Since 50% of the germs are killed within a minute,
Xo _100_.0 (0.5 is equal to €° 69°)
X;, 50
Yo _100_ as, _Zo_100
Yio 70 Z, 80
Thus, Ax = 0.693, Ay = 0.358 and Az = 0.223
Differentiating these figures,
eo dy dz _
Ge 00932 = —0.358y = 0.2232
At t=0, x=y=z=1
Block diagram
@ Problem
A disinfectant was sprayed over a puddle which contained
three types of germs. The life characteristics of germs are
exponential. In the first minute, 50% of germ 1, 30% of
germ 2, and 20% of germ 3 died. Assuming the number of
each type of germ was 10°/ml, obtain the number of germs
as a function of time. Also, obtain the total number of live
germs.
X=Xoe™*? yY=Yet Zz =Z.e%!
Graphic solution
105 NOTE: The vertical scale for curve of total No.
of germs is reduced to 1/3. Multiply the
No. of germs read for this curve by 3.
12345 10 15 20 25
15
Example 3. Solution regarding salt
e Solution
Assuming the amount of salt contained in tanks A and B as
Qand R, respectively —
da— ( 8gal ) ( glib
dt min 50 gal
(BE) apes) — ta
At t=0,q=50, andr=0.
The following formuls can be obtained by assuming 50 for
the maximum value of q and r;
[2] =-o.16(g) [4] =0.16($)-0.16- [4] Y
At t=0, (s) =1 and (4) =0
Block diagram
e Problem
Tank A stores a 50-gal. water solution of salt containing 50
Ibs. of salt. Calculate the amount of salt to be overflown to
tank B as a function of time, when fresh water is supplied
to tank A at a rate of 8 gals. per minute.
Chemical Problem
WH
Graphic solution
iS ES SSeS Sass } Se =
i i I i i ;
50gal i } | = i
16
oot af sil
Example 4. Earthquake response of a building
SS —
it
Bosses
ot
ra
If we consider the vibration characteristics of a building up
to its plastic region, analysis by an analog computer will be
suitable for the purpose, because a certain nonlinearity is
contained in the earthquake response of the building.
An analysis is to be made to obtain response of the building
for horizontal swing by earthquake. The building can be
simulated on a concentrated constant basis, by concentrat-
ing the mass of each story at the center of gravity of each
story. Thus, the building can be modeled as shown in Fig.
if
Fig. 1 is a simulation of a two mass-point system which is
equivalent to a 2-story building. Substituting composite
characteristics of two stories for a mass point in Fig. 1, the
figure can simulate a 4-story building.
The correspondence of mass points and number of stories is
not fixed; rather, it is rich in flexibility.
Fig. 1 Model of a Two Mass-point System Building
Fig. 2. Relationship in
The spring constant of posts k1 and k2 shows the displace-
ment-to-restoration force relation given in Fig. 2.
Compliance of posts C1 and C2 are assumed to be constant.
Displacement and Restoration Force
e Equations
The building in Fig. 1 can be simulated by the following
equation;
fy dy: dy, dyz i
ml +a +a Cr nD +kl-yl+k2 (yl—y2) =
ml: a(t)
dy dyz dy -
ma + C2 er rage +k2 (y2—yl) =m2- a(t)
The condition for spring constants k1 and k2 is given in
Fig. 2.
In the equation, the earthquake wave is given by a (t)
which is applied at the dimension of acceleration.
fy oc! dy cz jdm dy, hi ke
dt we a ow ee ae ee et ge Te)
dy cz dy dy:
is
ae me as ae ag OLE)
Block diagram
Graphic solution
——1 ood
a(t) =e
8em
17
@HITACH! HITACHI 200x
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_—
20
Application field of analog/hybrid computer,
further expanded by the HITACHI-200X
Nuclear energy industry
Dynamic analysis of reactors
Examination of reactor control
systems
Output distribution of boiling water
reactors
Trouble analysis of critical reactors
Effect analysis of reactor-scrum
Dynamic analysis of marine reactors
Automobile and
railway industry
Analysis of bicycle ride
Compressor rippling simulator
Transient response of vehicle dynamic
damper
Snaking motion of ralway cars
Body vibration analysis
Chemical industry
Process control analysis
Chemical reaction analysis
Dynamic property of plants
Transmission function measurement
Frequency response of thermal
systems
Condensation refrigerator design
Process control associated with time
delay
Graphic representation of chemical
reactor dynamic property
Static property of chemical reactors
Steel mill
Speed control of continuous hot rolls
Convergence of time-shared operation
Partial differential equation
Analog simulation of mobile
boundary problem in thermal
condition equation
Heat conduction in molds
Electric power, electronics, and
communications
Acceleration of ions by cyclotron
resonator
Matching analysis of electric wave
absorption wall
Analysis of electroluminescence
Analysis of phase shift caused by
particle scattering
Transmission function of servomotors
Characteristic analysis of magnetic
amplifiers
Transient response of inductive
circuits
Simulation of water turbines
Dynamic analysis of step motors
Dynamic analysis of boilers
Aircraft and ship industry
Gas turbine control
Analysis of aircraft unstability in
gliding
Analysis of ship body rolling
Guided flight simulator
Analysis of parabolic motion consider-
ing resistance and buoyancy
Landing control
Flight simulator research
Aircraft body motion
Jet gas turbine simulator
Automatic control Medical field Mathematics
Phase plane analysis of nonlinear
optimum control systems
Operation analysis of relay control
systems
Automatic tracking of dynamic
property using a model method
Machir industry
Natural oscillation of beams
Automatic control of hydraulic
universal testers
Analysis of red-blood corpuscles
maintenance systems
Simulation of vocalization mechanism
Analysis of nervous system
Simulation of muscular control
system
Simulation of kidney activity
Pathological analysis of circulation
system
Architecture and civil engineering
Analysis and tracking of floods
Architectural response against
earthquakes
Flood control calculations
Blending of cement materials
Vibration analysis of high-storied
buildings
Earthquake response of building
structures
Polynominal linear equation
Wave equation
Algebraic equations of high order
Polynominal high order equations
Management
Good wine equations
Business games
Analysis of mathemetic equations
Analysis of phisical phenomena
Automatic control theory in electric
systems
Analysis of transmission functions
Research of mechanical motions and
vibrations
~ HITACHI-200X,
Example of Composition
Computing element
T 1 2 2S 2US).. 3 35¥| 3LS 4 4S | 4LS
Analog unit A-10 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8
Analog unit A-20 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8
Analog unit A-30 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Analog unit A-40 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Potentiometer APT-241 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Potentiometer APT-242 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Integrator 5 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20
Summer 5 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20
Sign changer 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 12 12 12
Potentiometer 2 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80
Function switch 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Multiplier AEM-001
Multiplier AEM-002 | 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6
Sine function generator ASI-001 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cosine function generator ACO-001 1 1 1 1 1 1
Variable function generator | AFG-O61A 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Variable function generator | AFG-061B 13 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Variable function generator | AFG-062 1 1 1 2 2 2
Variable function generator | AFG-067 1 1
Logarithmic function
eerorator ALG-001 1 1 1 1 2 2
Comparator ACP-001 D 2 3 3 4 4
Electronic switch AES-001 2 2 3 3 4 4
Relay ARL-001 2 2 3 3 4 4
Special nonlinear element ASN-001 1 1 2 9. 2 2
Transfer delay element ATD-001 1 1 #) 2 2 2
Cabinet 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Digital volt meter 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Analog mount AMA-O01 1 1 1 1 1 1
re-patch boar a 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Patching kit PK-200 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5
Recorder connector
CRT oscilloscope (4CH OS-242AS
Strip chart recorder (4CH)
Strip chart recorder (6CH)
X-Y recorder WX-411H
Logic control panel BL- 1 1 1
Logic mount AML-001 1 1 1
Logic unit L-10 1 1 u
Logic unit L-20 J 1 u
Logic unit L-30 1 1 u
Gate 16 16 16
Flip-flop 10 10 10
Counter 4 4 4
Analog trunks T-10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Linkage trunks
Required to compose a hybrid system
@HITACH
Computing element layout
24
bi Pr * 2 ee = 7 3 e ele o "ew i ek e
4s © e «o ie -: mmm: 2 ° e-}e el'e ie Ke DY a
a 1 : ere ars eo: *e.ele el e'e 2° !
cy — Ne. : 3 ree Pece: ese —s
ke a : ef x « 2 5 is Ne: evita bie nie Kel Le!
Ne : @ - < re , =| 3 + an %e ele z Sacha Dt x i
me < % Se: 8 a Ee “a; a . my
Psa 0% F or = o: iB C3) =, o = Pe me e i" '
+ : Le s eer i PY F
° * es SR) 2De ) oad
i +0 ci e% ”~ ece eT 7 i ‘
es Os “e 8 BS) exe a n>) { red
x ex © ee e| es0 ih a" J
e x rs, al eme ae bY. :
‘Ard he - BG =
39. = Fe *e| evze Dp i y
o 9.2 Te © exe 127 DY ol
oe Air Te Bw] cue - o othe
: ecied eo Pe et) ee hea DY ry
v 4 ie s° : eve y i a
5 Fe e727 e120 |e @ be : °
e xe y xe rk as . eise ene Py Al
ay - nee e \ aay & Sh as si. ne =i ewe |e De “PE | a
Kn @ oS ex en en Z K@ oe Kem Te es ese |e ef : Hd
' scl oll el cll ofl eo ool wcll occ so Eg DE
ol ev x 5 ev oe el O el oe el ol os = ewe : a Dy 19
A-io | a-20 | a-to | a-20 | A-30 | a-ao | a-10 [| a-20 [ a-to [ a-20 [ a-30 | a-ao | t-10 | c-10 | ¢-20 | t-10 [ 1-20
The mount is contained in the basic unit
A-10| A-20| A-10| A-20| A-30| A-40| A-10| A-20| A-10| A-20| A-30| A
Integrator - Ps = 2 - 1 _ 2 - 2 - 1
Summer - 2 = 2 — 1 — 2 - Pe - 1
Inverter 1 = 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 = 1 =
Potentiometer 10: [= 10) i = = 10 = 10 | — = =
Function switch - - - - - 1 = - = = = 1
Precision-type multiplier AEM-001 1 a 1 a. 1 i 1 a 1 A 1 "I
Standard-type multiplier AEM-002
Sine function generator AS1-001 1 - — - = = 1 = —_ = —
Cosine function generator ACO-001 = re 1 - - - - - 1 - - ~
Variable function generator (fixed break points) AFG-061A
Variable function generator (fixed break points) AFG-061B if 1 a 1 a on - 1 = 1 a _|
Variable function generator (fixed break points) AFG-062
Variable function generator (variable break points) AFG-067
Logarithmic function generator ALG-001 = = - - 1 = - — = = 1 =
Comparator ACP-001 = = - = - 2 - = = = = 2
Electronic switch AES-001 _ — — = 2 — _ = = = 2 ei
Relay ARL-001 - 1 = 1 - = = 1 = 1 = =
Special nonlinear element ASN-001 - a _ 1 = = - — 1
Transfer delay element ATD-001 =. - - - ~ 1 - —_ - - = my
Potentiometer (10-turn) APT-241 1 “i, 1 % = ia Ze i- ; = aS _|
Potentiometer (1-turn) APT-242
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Description ch ©. 48
no
° +1 fo) e &
of Units -_ =
-1 1
mw
1
1
Reference level output K ne K
1
Integrator 07 09
1
Potentiometer Be n3 Ls
01 ; an
Trunks
(external terminals to patch board) 1 e-
10 e-
Summer O07 ns)
1 e
34
» 10 e
Trunks
(patch board to external terminals) 10 oC s
®, 10 8 &
n7
D/A convertor output era || 10 ee e @
Dead zone element Hr
0s 118
Limiter ws ff
Absolute value a °@|
: 119
Hysteresis A } o °e 7
A/D convertor input fa: Al 7a
Electronic switch a 01 e _ A2 ; Dp) Oe
Comparator z —~los =
Inverter : Eg esi ;
Be ie 14 p
Relay
Function switch x : us
wea 1 i iF
Digital output channel | 0 ~
Logarithmic function generator —————] K
Variable function generator
Cosine (or sine) ae a eit
fuction generator 5 4 4
cos 1K iD
®s ®@ @
05 06 (9)
Transfer delay element
Processor interruption input
2% “ia A-10 A-20 A-30 A-40
OXZCAA Zow7
+
12)
+
R
U
N
K
Xe
T-10
Digital input channel l
oma O44
QnO OA
Clock
+ Operation mode control
Strip chart-recorder input
CRT oscilloscope control input
X-Y recorder control input
Logic control
RS n CP +
@n @]
see (A)- man | e) Y Ss
HD U «rs
e' e R ®
BR SYNC ji % T CR N
@ 8 @ Das e @
a” mis
PEN i] ed \ 7
RUN N ST
@ e ||
mug O- Sex
® Oo
STEP = rot.
@ @
Oscilloscope input
Strip chart recorder input
C\ <x
eoeeooe#eeee ee @ © @ © © © @ 08e
05
06
O7
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
eeeee#eee#e eee e © @ © © @ @ e2@
19
C-10
Vv. ES, ES. eS,
Ss
R ext
TT
amaAZzcoo
Comparator output
AO
Electronic switch control input
Flip-flop
Counter
Relay control input
L_____ Gate
Digital switch output
Control input for
e e°°
Al e e°'
A2e eo?
AS e®?
“enue”
Al e = al
Me e™
ae e™
C-20
individual integrator
27
Logic Control Unit
The Logic Operation Control Unit provides presetting of
logic elements and display of outputs. This unit is also
designed to be used as a logic trainer.
@ Fup FLOPS
a
82
B3
# Output indication lamp___- >
Output lamps indicate the following :
Logic gate output : 16 outputs
Comparator output : 8 outputs
Counter output Decimal, 4 sets °
A
Digital switch output : 2 outputs
Flip-flop output : 10 outputs
A3
@ Thumb-wheel switch——
. swo
Four thumb-wheel switches are provided to select an
output between 0 and 9, from outputs of digital counters
(decimal). Time limit of the timer can be easily changed by
swi
28
setting these thumb-wheel switches.
Analog Control Unit
Design of Analog Control Unit has been improved to
facilitate handling.
@ OUTPUT SELECT—+—
CONTROL
PANEL ACT-241
e
These buttons select an element and display its output Sureoy See METER SELECT
level. To ease button selection, each button is marked with [5 od ou #8¥
the symbol of the relevant element. Sal — +5
—_—_— * [D ' 1 +24V \ 2. a —
_ : (UR)
Intergrator | -output of D 2 2 RANGE
output >*O-- ] Potentiometer i ~
Cb = - TIME SCALE MODE CONTROL
+
. 4 Be « =f
Input summing O35 + | | |r0
_ point of X J) } Multiplier oO} 5 aioe
integrator at —_—— —
[= 6 6 PATCH BOARD
—— — eed
Searninier Variable function Fy a. 6G os] e > Jere
Foo generator iS o ity 8
—_ TIMER PCS CONTROL
aS —_—— ex ® 9
— —
> ' Inverter NL) © Nonlinear element POWER HVBRIO.
+ | + output of EX ) External output 2 8
>()- Potentiometer | ;
—_
® Control switch
These key switches are used for manual setting or resetting
of the logic element. The switches are useful to debug the
function of logic elements.
Flip-flop control switch : 10
Comparator control switch Sais:
Manual digital switch 2 2
——® Logical control switch
These switches control overall operation of the logic circuit.
GUctitsssctavses Clears logic circuit.
RUNG sicedsvssece Actuates a built-in clock generator
(0.1ms, Ims, 10ms or 100ms).
STOR sucessccs. Stops the clock generator.
STEP ans Generates a single pulse.
——e METER
J
—}|
=~ |
5
-@® METERSELECT — Used for checking of power supply
_e@ TIME SCALE voltages or others.
1 Real-time operation (as programmed).
100 ~=1/100 of programmed time.
~® MODE CONTROL
A switch for selecting operation mode.
AR (all reset) ....... A mode for entering initial condition to
all integrators working under individual control.
RS (reset) .......... A mode for entering initial condition to
a integrator.
CP (compute) .... The computing operation mode.
HD (hold) .......... A mode for holding operation at an
interim state.
pibbsnscttse A mode for operating the computer
under control of other system.
STAIR osccscepcapes Used to start timer-controlled operation.
A mode for allowing changing of
potentiometer setting.
PATCH (vscscvcscssss Operation of the computer is controlled
BOARD by a patched mode-control input.
—@ ENG To engage the motor-driven patch panel.
a |
@ POWER The power ON/OFF switch.
@ DIGITAL VOLT METER
- _____________ The digital volt meter displays output level of an element
selected by the OUTPUT SELECT, or a coefficient being
set at potentiometer adjustment.
For accurate setting of the coefficient, display of the
decimal point has been improved so that the decimal point
location will be automatically changed with the type of
coefficient amplifier being used.
Coefficient range between 0 and 0.1
(0.0500 is displayed)
Coefficient range 0 to 1 (0.500 is
displayed).
Coefficient range 0 to 10 (05.00 is
displayed).
(5-digit digital meter is available on request.)
—® TIMER
The timer is used for repetitive operation.
The following timers are built-in —
RESET time approx. 1 msec.; COMPUTE TIME approx. 1 msec.
to 100 msec.
RESET time approx. 100 msec.; COMPUTE time approx. 100 msec.
to 10sec.
e HYBRID
This mode is used for hybrid operation in a hybrid system.
29
30
AUTO HOLD
Potentiometer
Panels
® Overscale indicator
INGicecseses 00 to 19
Indicate overscale of the integrators
ADD ..... 00 to 19
Indicates overscale of the summer
AUTO HOLD
ON....When overscale of an element is
detected, ‘“‘HOLD”’ mode is select-
ed automatically
OFF... The selected operation mode even
when overscale of an element is
sensed
FUCTION SWITCH
Manual control switches
TRUNKS
Interface to external devices
+
|
|
—;—7— @ Potentiometer
APT-241 Ten-turns potentiometer,
ten pieces
APT-242 Single-turns potentiometer,
ten pieces
Accessories: Patching kit PK-200
Cord |Cord | Quan.
color | length | per kit
Brown|10cm] 15
Red 20cm} 30
Yellow/40 cm| 30
Green |60 cm} 15
Violet |80cm| 10
100
cords per kit.
5. S588
}
4 SF ON aS } Sa 2
scosusuuets
@ Transfer Delay Setting Panel
This panel selects the desired delayed time.
@ Special Nonlinear Element Panel
These controls preset breakpoints for the following non-
linear elements.
aie 7 Dead zone
" + Limiter
-f[+
| Li Hysteresis
PS -O+ + breakpoint in position direction
- breakpoint in negative direction
NOTE: Gradient of curves is 1 for all elements.
~ @ Variable Function Generator Panel
— AFG-061A (10 segments in positive direction)
AFG-061B (10 segments in negative direction)
AFG-062 (5 segments in both positive and negative
directions)
These variable function generators are of fixed break point.
AFG-067 (10 segments, with variable break point)
31
32
Example of Program Cheek System (PCS)
The Program Check System (PCS) is provided with two
functions: (1) checking the computing element function
and (2) checking the programming on the prepatch board.
For example, the optionally selected elements can be tested
and mistakes in patching can be checked by supplying an
optional signal level to a selected element and by comput-
ing it with a theoretical value.
These check operations can be performed by accessing the
Control Panel (when the computer is used in a hybrid
mode, the simulation is more simplified by accessing the
circuit from a digital computer which is combined).
—y
. Set the MODE CONTROL switch to the AR position.
2. Using the OUTPUT SELECT switch, select an element
to which the checking input will be supplied (integrators
and adders can be selected).
3. Set the simulation input level by using the potentio-
meter PCS CONTROL and the input polarity switch.
PCS CONTROL
JL
|®
iB
t
Input polarity switch Potentiometers
(In this figure, —0.5 is set.)
4. Supply the checking input to the element by depressing
the SET switch of PCS CONTROL.
5. Select the other element to be checked by the OUTPUT
switch and reach the signal level displayed by the digital
volt meter and analog meter indicator. Compare the
displayed level and analog meter indicator. Compare the
displayed level and theoretical value to check the
element functioning and patching.
6. After the test is completed, clear the circuit by depress-
ing the CLR button of PSC CONTROL.
Repeat steps 2 to 6, above, for all circuits in the
prepared block.
dax
dtz
At t=0, =x=0
dt
Problem: +0.2% +°=0.125
Solution: Transforming the equation —
dx dx
cian al +0.125
Block diagram
1. Supply checking input +1 (equivalent to ae =1,
x = Q) to integrator 100.
Input sum- (—0.2+0.125) |100-+P01-+100) POO POI
fate .2+0.
mine POINEIOS | 0.075 +1 p00 51 00
Input sum-
ming point to +1 1004101
101
Check points for trouvle- shooting
2. Supply a PCS simulation input +0.5 to integrator | 01.
X 00 output (0.5 x 0.5) : a ae Accuracy of
0.25 ¥. input x 00
$00 output | —(0-25x0.5) ea Accuracy of
— 0.125 $C 00 X01
Input sum- SC 001 00
ang point to | (—9-125+0.125)| +7 poo P00
100 0 P00 1 00 ;
)
)
(
Specifications
1. General Specifications
Se a a = SS
2. Individual Specifications
Conventionally, specifications for an analog/hybrid com-
puter are given in terms of static accuracy, frequency
response, phase characteristics, and so on. However, Hitachi
believes that the user may require, in the most practical
sense, to acknowledge computer actual accuracy at the
actual operation speed (natural angular velocity w inherent
in an equation being used).
For Analog Computer 200X, Hitachi offers specifications in
the term of TIDE (Total Instanteous Dynamic Error) which
reflects what the analog/hybrid computer does in actual
operation.
TIDE is represented by a sum of static error and dynamic
error.
In the measurement setup shown in the figure (for an
summer and for w = 100), TIDE is given as;
T,LD,E= 2
E iox* 100 (%)
33
34
Specifications for Individual Computing Element
i= —£03% «| £05:
| | Pipe teh ike
+ el ty + ra
Sine function generator , | t055% | +0.
Cosine function generator | £055% | £0.75%
Logarithmic function generator =| ALG-001 | £0.45% | +
— Comparator
Bete se on Ste
a Electronic switch anes ES. aid
Transfer delay element = pero
| Absolute value
Special |, Limiter
nonlinear SS
_ elements =| Deadzone
Hysteresis =
NOTE: Accuracy shall be determined against full scale (—1 to +1).
Circle test; Reset time; HOLD drift Every Integrator can be
0 to -0.04% for w= 1 0 to 0.1% for w= 100 1 ms for w=1 (at OV input); RESET or COMPUTE
0 to -0.04% for w=100 0 to 0.8% for w = 1000 50 us for w = 100 0.025%/min individually
The potentiometer panel is provided with a potentiometer K = 1, 5 potentiometer K = 1, and 4 potentiometer
K = 10. 10-turn potentiometer for APT-241, and single turn potentiometer for APT 242.
No. of segments 10 (+), segment width 0.1 (fixed), maximum gradient 2.5, and given TIDE for setting at gradient 1 (TIDE is for an input
0.5 + 0.05 sin wr).
No. of segments 10 (—), segment width 0.1 (fixed), maximum gradient 2.5, and given TIDE for setting at gradient 1 (TIDE is for an input
-0.5 + 0.05 sin wr)
Number of segments 5 (+) plus 5 (—), segment width 0.2 (fixed), maximum gradient 2.5, and given TIDE for setting at gradient 1 (TIDE
is for an input 0.5 + 0.05 wrt)
No. of segments 10, segment width 0 to 2 (variable), maximum gradient 100, and given TIDE for setting at gradient 1 (TIDE is for an
input 0.5 + 0.05 sin wt)
w
Given TIDE is for an input 0.2 + 0.05 sin wr (generator for sin 7X is an optional item).
Given TIDE is for an input 0.2 + 0.05 cos wat (generator for cos a is an optional item).
Output will be zero until input X exceeds 0.1.
The input X must be larger than 0. Given TIDE is for an input 0.2 + 0.05 sin wt.
Response speed 5 us.
No directionality (may be operated as y > x1, Xz or as X; Xz > y). Switching speed 10ms (relays of
operation speed 500yus are optional item). D: logic signals
Transfer delay (r): 0.1 to 10 sec. (0.1 sec. steps); error £2% of max. value 0.01 to 1 sec. (0.01 sec. steps);
error +2% of max. value. 0.001 to 0.1 sec. (0.001 sec. steps); error +10% of max. value.
0.0001 sec. to 0.01 sec. (0.0001 sec. steps); no rating for error.
a and b preset by individual dial; gradient 1.
a and b presét by individual dial; gradient 1.
a and b preset by individual dial; gradient 1,0<.a < 0.5 and-0.5 <b <0.
35
Experienced in World-Wide Operations
Hitachi Electronics, Ltd. exerts energetic efforts in
producing the most reliable and finest electronic
computers available. In leading universities, labo-
ratories, companies, government offices... it seems
that no matter where you go, Hitachi analog/hybrid
computers are in full operation. You’ll find them in
Europe, the U.S.A., Canada, Australia, Southeast
Asia, and other areas. Truly, Hitachi might be
labeled ‘‘computer supplier to the six continents”!
mor
NETHERLAND
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ENGLAND 7 we 4
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AUSTRALIA \
© Hitachi Electronics,Ltd.
23-2, 1-chome, Kanda-Suda-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan
Cable: ELCOHITACS TOKYO Telex: J24178 JAPAN
Tel.: (03) 255-8411
© Hitachi Electronics,Ltd.