Analog Computers

Manual / Guide · 1955

EASE Computer Installation Instructions

Read the PDF (196 pp) ↗

Installation instructions for the Beckman EASE analog computer system, covering site preparation, cabinet arrangement, ground bus connections, and 115 V AC line power wiring for the Model 1187 control unit cabinet and Model 1185 operational component cabinets. The manual details d-c voltage requirements and current capacities for the Model 1001, 1010, and 1015 power supplies and provides inter-cabinet cabling procedures for the Model 1041 Operational Amplifier Unit, Model 1031 Multiplier Panel, Model 1051 Multiplier, and associated function generators and set-up units.

Manufacturer
Beckman Instruments
System
EASE
Year
1955
Type
Manual / Guide
Language
English
Learning track
machine reference
Pages
196
Credit
Berkeley Division of Beckman Instruments Inc., Richmond 4, California, 16 August 1955
  • EASE
  • Beckman Instruments
  • installation
  • power connections
  • cabinet wiring
  • analog computer setup

← Back to the Reference Library

EASE Computer Installation Instructions

INDUSTRIAL AND NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS ANALOG COMPUTERS Berkel e ydorscon BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS, INC. . 2200 WRIGHT AVE., RICHMOND, CALIF. TELEPHONE: LANDSCAPE 6-7730 WARNING | Do not attempt to operate this instrument until you have read the Instruction Manual. EASE Computer I INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS [ I ' L i a | | LJ u BERKELEY division of Richmond 4, California -) Beckman Instruments Inc. 16 August 1955 LU ae a es Re i a | ee eens ees sees es ees ee ne ee | Installation GENERAL All computer components are rack-mounted in one or more cabinets, The cabinets are fitted with casters which may be removed after the racks have been rolled into position, Cabinets may be arranged in any order provided that the inter-connecting cables have been cut to the proper length. Allow some air space at the rear of the cabinets for ventilation and install them in a room that is generally well-ven- tilated, . Ordinarily, cable connections between components in the same cabinet will have been completed at the factory, Connections from the power line to the computer and connections between cabinets must be made at the installation site. These connections consist of: 1, A common ground bus between cabinets, 2. Connections from the power line to each cabinet and from the power control unit in the base of the control unit cabinet to similar units in other cabinets, | 3, Other connections between cabinets consisting mainly of input and output connections from the control unit to each of the operational components, GROUND CONNECTIONS To attach the ground bus, slide the copper ground clamps onto the large bare copper cable. String the cable along the rear of the cabinets and screw a ground clamp to the end of each copper ground strap which protrudes from the rear of the cabinets, Then tighten the clamps on the cable, Installation -1 LINE POWER CONNECTIONS To supply line power to, the computer connect a source of 115 volt a-c power to the socket at the rear of each cabinet, The cabinet holding the control unit will not draw more than 7 amperes. Each of the other cabinets may draw as much as 20 amperes. The line voltage at the input to each cabinet should not drop below 105 volts nor rise above 125 volts, A line power control anit occupies the base of each computer cabinet, This unit provides a means of energizing the filament supplies through-~ out the cabinet independently of the plate supplies. The unit connects 115 volt a-c power to the sockets spaced along the vertical strip inside the cabinet, Line power for filament supplies appears at the sockets labelled "FIL" or 'FIL REG", Power for plate supplies appears at the sockets labelled "PLATE", The power control unit also connects line power to a terminal strip at the bottom rear of the cabinet, This strip is used to interconnect the unit in the control unit cabinet with those in the other cabinets, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the power control system in the con- trol unit cabinet, This cabinet contains an automatic time delay switch which prevents power from reaching the plate sockets until the filament power has been applied 30 seconds, Closing the FILAMENT switch starts the time delay motor which closes a switch after 30 seconds, This switch applies the line voltage across the PLATE switch and relay and across the plate relay control terminals on the inter-cabinet connection strip, Installation -2 r 7 (C4 - potty po co } -—— } i } | ———~} 4 (—) __ 115VAC 115VAC Fused Filament Plate Relay Control Plate ay an on Ho" TN 115VAC INPUT ap FAN PLATE | | | | | 30A 30A | ® _— Fuses —" l | FIL 010 , Front | Utility 7 Panel l ei 4 Outlets 20 \ ? ay Rear | O3 RY Panel | j | FIL 040) ° FILAMENT fe) | va ~~~ 3witeh | Ci Oe O5 | o 80 Green (2) Indicator | 070 “ t t 08 | O98 | Time | | i PLATE O10 | % raat o-—~@ | q 0120 6 | q | Wy § came | _ we eee cow ee eee eee dee, va Plate Relay f | PLATE | | Red ay Indicator NX? INTER-CABINET CONNECTION STRIP Figure 1 CONTROL PLATE & FILAMENT UNIT SUPPLY SOCKETS Line Power Control System Control Unit Cabinet, Model 1187 Installation -3 a Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the power control system in the other cabinets, This system differs from that in the control unit cabinet in that it lacks a time delay switch, 115 volts a-c must be brought to the plate relay control terminals to energize the plate relay, If you wish to supply power to this cabinet independent of the control unit cabinet, simply con- nect the plate relay terminals to the filament supply terminals; that is, terminal 7 to terminal 5 and terminal 8 to terminal 6, So connected, power reaches the plate sockets as soon as both FILAMENT and PLATE switches are closed, When applying power you must be careful to close the FILAMENT switch first and wait 30 seconds before closing the PLATE switch, On the other a hand, you may take advantage of the automatic time delay in the control unit cabinet by connecting the computing cabinet to that circuit, To do this, connect the plate relay control terminals to the plate terminals in the control unit cabinet -- terminal 7 to terminal 9 and ter- minal 8 to terminal 10, So connected, the plate relay contacts in the con- trol cabinet are in series with the plate relay coilin the other cabinet, and power cannot reach the PLATE sockets in any cabinet until 30 seconds after the FILAMENT switch on the control unit cabinet has been closed, All the cab- inets in the computer installation may be connected to the control cabinet in this way, If you do this, the PLATE switch on the control cabinet becomes the master plate on-off switch for the entire computer and all other PLATE switches may be left permanently closed, When applying power you must be careful to close the FLLAMENT switches on the other cabinets before closing the one on the control cabinet, Cabinets holding one or more Model 1041 Operation Amplifier Units contain a voltage regulating transformer for each unit, These transformers are located in the base of the cabinet near the power control unit, A line from the primary winding of each plugs into a socket carrying unregulated fil- ament power, and a line from a FIL REG socket plugs into a socket on the transformer which is connected to the secondary, Installation-4 | ' 115VAC INPUT [ INTER-CABINET ion CONNECTION | STRIP | PLATE & FILAMENT SUPPLY SOCKETS POWER CONTROL UNIT J | t lA | 7 OF | FAN tl 1 OD | ow O) | REG é + Fuses _ | FIL - 010 | 115VAC | 4 020 | ; f i 0 } Front L | FIL = Panel 115VAC Os Utility | P Fused Outlets a, aad 040 r Rear > | E > Panel | Aad O5 ] Filament } | FIL J . (olne: ——~— FILAMENT _ o_o | Switch ft | d _ Plate 12) TK Relay ] ontrol 080 6 Green { Q ) Indicator o | WIL | TDF . 030 | Plate | Pik . PL Ono 4 l +f OY ATE | FIL J _. 0110 PLATE A | Switch { | O10 I | 4 _d I \ 4 4 PLATE @ —~AM000)__ | Plate Relay | ‘Regulating | () Onormer | , . One for each Red Indicator Model 1041 | PLATE 7 war in cabinet) q | \ T | | | | | a _. Figure 2 Line Power Control System Operational Component Cabinet, Model 1185 Installation -5 OTHER CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CABINETS The text and diagrams on the following pages describe all necessary cable connections to each of the computer components. Most of these connections will be completed when you receive the computer since they link components in the same cabinet, Connections which must be made at the installation site consist. mainly of input and output connections from the control unit to the various operational com- ponents, Each power supply will provide d-c voltages for several combinations of operational components, The number of each type of component connected to a specific power supply differs from one installation to another, The best arrangement is that which takes full advantage of the load capacity of the power supply. The instructions for connecting each component specify the power supply to which it must be connected and list the cur- rent it draws at each d-c voltage, The output capacities of the power supplies and the d-c requirements of all the operational components are listed together in table on opposite page. Installation -6 — 4 a) Lo] co rome | co i Ld D-C LOAD | COMPONENTS POWER VOLTAGES CURRENT USING POWER VOLTAGES CURRENT SUPPLY GENERATED CAPACITY SUPPLY REQUIRED DRAIN Model +250v 0 to 300 ma 1041 +250 235 ma Operational 1011 -250v 0 to 150 ma* Amplifier -250 90 ma unit with -465v 0 to 55 ma ten 1048 ~465 45 ma Amplifiers 1072 +250v 20 ma Set-up Unit ~250v 5 ma (for 1071) -465v 5 ma 1071 +250v 40 ma Function -250v 12 ma Generator ~465v 9ma 1070A +250v 22 ma Function Generator ~250v 22 ma 1032 +250v 15 ma Control Unit Model 1010 +400v 125 to 300 ma 1051 +400v 14 ma Multiplier -400v 125 to 300 ma | Panel -~400v 17 ma (excluding multipliers) 1056 +400v 52 ma Multiplier -400v 44 ma 1070 +400v a2ma Function Generator -~400v 22 ma Model +100v 0 to 150 ma 1032 +100v 15 ma Control Unit -100v 15 ma 1015 -100v 0 to 150 ma 1072 Set- +100v 12 ma up Unit (for 1071) ~100v 12 ma 1071 +100v 10 ma Function Generator -100v 10 ma * The Model 1011 will supply 200 ma at -250v if no current is drawn from the -465v Notice that the Model 1070A does not require a -465 voli supply. output. Installation - 7 Model 1041 Operational Amplifier Unit All necessary cable connections to this unit are shown in figure 3. One Model 1011 customarily supplies d-c voltages for one Model 1041 containing ten Model 1048 amplifiers and may, in addition, supply two Model 1070A Function Generators or one Model 1071 Function Generator. Under normal amplifier output loads, a Model 104] with ten amplifiers will not draw more than 235 ma at +250 volts, 90 ma at -250 volts and 45 ma at -465 volts, The Model 1011 will provide 300 ma at +250 volts, 150 ma at -250 volts and 55 ma at -465 volts. J- REAR LIP OF MODEL 1041 EOL SIG. GND. REG ll7V UNREG 117V POWER ylo2 POWER POWER ( ) SIG CABLE Jumper \ +250, -250 & -465 volt —~| 28~conductor cable supplies To ground stri pp 6 P To "FIL" socket Y To "FIL REG" socket on cabinet To 1032 Control Unit on cabinet To 1011 Power Supply " tt J104-or J106 AMPLIFIER" socket ° Figure 3 The Model 1051 Multiplier Panel, All necessary cable connections to this unit are shown in figure 4, D-C power at +400 and -400 volts is supplied by a Model 1010 Power Supply. One Model 1010 customarily supplies a panel with four Model 1056 Multi- pliers and may, in addition, supply as many as three Model 1070 Function Generators, The current drawn by the Model 1051 varies with the number of multipliers it holds, Installation -8 | _ —_ goo a ee ee es ee | ee one weed Number of multipliers in Model 1051 Panel Current Drain At +400 volts At -400 volts i 4 222 ma, 193 ma, 3 170 ma, 149 ma, 2 118 ma, 105 ma, 1 66 ma, 61 ma,’ The current drain from each voltage source on the Model 1010 must be at least 125 ma and no more than 300 ma, Notice that if the Model 1051 panel contains fewer than 3 multipliers, some other load must be placed on the power supply, f-~* LIP OF MODEL 1051 AC DC INPUT INPUT J505 (on) ~——— 13-conductor cable | To 1010 Power Supply Y "+ 400V" socket To 1032 Control Unit To "FIL REG" socket "MULTIPLIER" socket on cabinet es Figure 4 Installation-9 Models 1070 and 1070A Function Generators All necessary cable connections to either of these units are shown in figure 5, The only difference between the models is that the Model 1070 requires d-c voltages of +400 and -400 volts while the Model 1070A operates on +250 and -250 volts. Bach Model 1070 draws 22 ma at +400 volts and 22 ma at -400 volts from a Model 1010 Power Supply. The current drain on the Model 1010 must be between 300 and 125 ma at each voltage, Therefore, the Model 1010 will supply as many as 13 function generators but no less than 6 function generators unless some other load is also draw- ing current, Three Model 1070's may be supplied from a Model 1010 which is also supplying a Model 1051 Multiplier Panel containing 4 Multipliers, If necessary, you may procure a dummy load from the factory. { | -O i +400V INPUT { XL REAR LIP OF MODEL 1070 or 1070A { Internally Y bussed J701 +400V INPUT FUNCTION GENERATOR J702 OUTPUT O FILAMENT INPUT Veo "PIL REG" socket 4-conductor cable ————-______»| on cabinet | ¥ ic 1070 to 1010 Power Supply, "#400V" socket To 1032 Control Unit If 1070A to 1011 Power Supply, J105 or J106 "FUNCT. GEN" socket NOTE: The Model 1070 operates on d-c voltages of +400 and -400 volts obtained from the 1010 Power Supply The Model 1070A operates on d-c voltages of +250 and ~250 volts obtained from the 1011 Power Supply. Figure 5 Installation -10 C4 J cc" Ll, | nn! ror | | Each Model 1070A requires 22 ma at +250 volts and 22 ma at -250 volts, These requirements are met by the Model 1011 Power Supply which will deliver 0 to 300 ma at +250 volts and 0 to 200 ma at -250 volts if its ~465 volt source is not loaded, Consequently, one Model 1011 will supply 9 function generators or 2 function generators plus a Model 1041 Operat- ional Amplifier Unit containing ten amplifiers, Model 1071 Function Generator with Model 1072 Set-up Unit, The Model 1072 Set-up Unit and the Model 1071 Function Generators it serves (as many as 10) form an interconnected system, Figure 6 shows all necessary cable connections to a set-up unit with two function gen- ‘erators, Additional function generators are connected in the same way. REAR LIP OF MODEL 1071 ~\ ,_ Internally bussed \. FIL J106 S104 020 poms 103 Ce J105 J101 To "FIL" socket f on cabinet y watt. To 1032 Control Unit "FUNCT. GEN" socket -O j~~——- 29-conductor See Note 2 cable See Note 1 REAR LIP OF MODEL 1071 ~\ [__mernally bussed ‘ A FiL J106 qf -7™NL 5103 O J104 J102 x 105 101 — < To "FIL" socket To 1032 on cabinet Control Unit | "FUNCT. GEN" | | socket I t | 1 See Note 2 See Note 1 Infernal’ 29-conductor REAR LIP OF MODEL 1072 ™"\ busse: | cable FIL 04 pes 5105 O-+e J101 S J102 J103 To "FIL" socket on Figure 6 cabinet met250, -250 and ~<«— +100 & -100 volt supplies -465 volt supplies To ground strip To 1015 Power Supply To 1011 Power Supply 4-terminal Varicon socket J205 or J206 NOTES: 1. D-C voltages from the 1011 Power Supply may be introduced at J102 on the set-up unit or at J105 on any one of the function generators. 2. D-C voltages from the 1015 Power Supply may be introduced at Installation -ll J101 on the set-up unit or at J104 on any one of the function generators. a | The system procures d-c voltages of +100 and -100 volts from the Model 1015 Power Supply. The set-up unit draws .12 ma at each of these voltages, and each function generator consfmes about 10 ma at each voltage, The ~Model 1015 will provide from 0 to] 150 ma at each voltage. Customarily one Model 1015 supplies: a ‘Set-up unit and as many as 10 function generators and, _in addition, supplies reference voltages for the control unit. The conductors carrying the +100 and -100 volt supply should be large enough to make the vol- tage drop between the power supply and the system negligible, The ‘system procures d-c voltages of +250, -250 and -465 volts from the ‘Model 1011 Power Supply. The following table lists the maximum current drawn at each voltage when the function generators are operating into nor- mal output loads, Current Drain +250v -250v ~465v Set-Up Unit 20 ma 5 ma 5 ma Each Function Generator ' 40ma 12 ma 9 ma The Model 1011 Power Supply will deliver 300 ma at +250 volts, 150 ma at ~250 volts and 55 ma at -465 volts. Ore Model 1011 will supply a set-up unit and five function generators, One function generator may be supplied by the same Model 1011 which supplies a Model 1041 Operational Amplifier Unit containing ten.. amplifiers. Power supplied by one Model 1011 is inserted at the set-up unit or at one of the function generators and carried to other components in the system by the 29-conductor interconnecting cable shown in figure 6. The three d-c voltages appear at pins 6,7 and 8 of connectors Jl02 and J103 on the function generators and connectors J104 and J105 on the set-up unit. When one part of the system is supplied by a different Model 1011 than another | part, you must take care to keep the power supplies isolated from one another, The cable interconnecting the two parts of the system should Installation -12 poy Lf (J a ne i have no conductors connected to pins 6, 7 and 8, Connections at these points would parallel the outputs of the power supplies and impair the regulation of both supplies, Model 1006 Variable D-C Voltage Source, Figure 7 shows all necessary cable connectidns to this unit, J REAR LIP OF MODEL 1006 To 1032 Control Unit "DC SOURCE" socket Figure 7 Model 1032 Control Unit To learn how to connect operational components to this unit see the install- ation instructions for each component, The control unit obtains reference voltages of +100 and -100 volts from the Model 1015 Power Supply, The 'MODEL 1015 INPUT" jack at the rear of the control unit should be connected to the 6-terminal Varicon connector on the rear lip of Model 1015, Under normal operating conditions the control unit will not draw more than 15 ma at each of these reference voltages, The Installation -13 €us) O-r To "PLATE" socket | on cabinet Model 1015 will supply 150 ma at each voltage, The conductors carrying the +100 and -100 volt supply should be large enough to cause only a negligible voltage drop between the power supply and the control unit, The control unit obtains a +250 volt supply from a Model 1011 Power Supply, The 6-pin Varicon connector at the rear labelled "MODEL 1011 INPUT" should pe connected to Jl05 or J106 on a Model 1011, The control unit draws about 15 ma when the computer is in the 'REPETITIVE" operating condition, It draws no current in any other condition, The Power Supplie s The diagrams below show all necessary connections to the power supplies except the output cabling, See the installation instructions on the operational components to learn how they should be connected to the power supplies, \ fo LIP OF MODEL 1011 J Internally bussed a 4 eo ~~ J107 FIL PLATE Test jack y106 S105 @©-— Ja Output jacks ! To "PLATE" socket on, To "FIL" cabinet (+250, -250 and -465 volt supplies are available at each jack) socket on cabinet Figure 8 Cable Connections to Model 1011 Power Supply Installation-14 Ty { ‘| L— J “) if [ J REAR LIP OF MODEL 1010 a AC INPUT AC INPUT } PLATE 3201 FILAMENT : J202 3 t400V +400V / oy ' W " + Te RATE ; To "FIL" socket cabinet Output jacks on cabinet {+400 and -400 volts are available at each jack) Figure 9 Cable Connections to Model 1010 Power Supply 5 To ground , strap a Output Jacks. (+100 & -100 volts are available at each jack) | REAR LIP OF MODEL 1015 f / ry i NL J108 PIL ; ! ee 2 =] \lE]_Q f= OTs } CHASSIS - ocket on . _ ll7V AC it Jumper noun | J101 POWER cabinet 5 anp [T— l— oO ~ | | — L . To "PLATE" PLATE socket on cabinet ‘ ; To 1032 Control Unit To Model 1016 Slave Power Supply vo "MODEL 1015 INPUT" jack if installed fy , | | \ : r Suppl | | Figure 10 Cable Connections to Model 1015 Powe pply | Installation -15 Lo ——_ BERKELEY division of Beckman Instruments, Inc, EASE Computer OPERATING INST RUC TIONS Richmond 4, California 15 December 1955 WARRANTY Every instrument manufactured by the BERKELEY division of Beckman Instruments, Inc. is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship. Our obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing any instrument or part thereof, except tubes, which shall within one year from date of shipment to the original purchaser prove to be defective after our examination. Instruments tobe repaired:must be returned tothe factory with transportation charges prepaid. Repair work will be performed only upon receipt of a written purchase order or authorization. Claims for damage in shipment should be filed promptly with the transportation company. All correspondence concerning the instrument should specify the model and serial number, This information appears on the company name plate. Experienced service personnel and special test equipment are available at the factory to per- form any necessary repairs. Every effort will be made to expedite the repair of instruments returned for servicing. Any inquiry concerning details of operation, possible modifications, etc., should be addressed to the Sales Department, BERKELEY division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., Richmond 4, California, Operation CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 1 Applying Power 2 ° Initial Checks and Adjustments 8 Constructing and Using a Problem-Solving Circuit 8 General Method 9 - The Control Apparatus 9 Set-up Panel Terminals 16 Control System Controls 23 A Sample Problem 23 Patchboard Connections 24 For the Summing Amplifier 25 For the Integrator 26 For other Components 28 Control Settings 30 Running the Problem Sw Ow 7 why (Pw OWL 9. M4 7. Wh. 1920, EASE SETUP PANEL-1022 Berkeley Computer Control System | a {J CI Co C4 i | ' Applying Power INTRODUCTION See the 'PROBLEM PREPARATION" section of the computer manual to learn how to devise a circuit analogous to a given equation; that is, to prepare a diagram similar toFigure 4 at the rear of this section, This operation section contains instructions for preparing computer components for use in such a circuit, for constructing the circuit with those components and for running a problem and measuring or recording the resultant voltages, Most of the operations are performed on the control system shown opposite. The part of this section headed "The Control Apparatus" tells what is connected to each of the set-up panel terminals and describes the function of the operating controls above and below the panel, This part provides a convenient source of information for an operator who is not sure how to use a_ particular control or terminal, The part headed "A Sample Problem" describes the construction of a complete «xoblem-solving circuit, The circuit has been designed espec- ially to illustrate the use of nearly all the devices available on the computer, The sample problem is primarily an introduction for someone who has not used the computer before, He may familarize himself with the equipment by actually constructing the circuit step by step as it is described, APPLYING POWER The computer is equipped with separate plate and filament 115 VAC supplies, These supplies are controlled by the PLATE and FILAMENT switches at the base of the cabinets, All filaments in a cabinet are energized whenever the FILAMENT switch ison, When applying power close these switches first, Wait at least 30 seconds for the tubes to warm up before applying plate power, In standard computer installations power reaches the plate circuits in a cabinet only when four conditions are met, 1, The PLATE switch on that cabinet is on, 2. The FILAMENT switch on that cabinet is on, 3, The PLATE switch on the control system cabinet is on, 4, The FILAMENT switch on the control system cabinet has heen on at least 30 seconds, Operation-1 ~ So SRg ASSRRR - 7 SE SSE S- 7 SER — Se Rig tFS ERRNRRE -— Initial Checks With this arrangement it is convenient to use the PLATE switch on the control cabinet as a master plate on-off switch and to leave all other PLATE switches permanently on, When applying power, first turn on the FILAMENT switches in all cabinets except the control cabinet, The green indicators only will light on these cabinets, (If the red indicators light the installation is not standard and this procedure should not be followed.) Then, turn on the control cabinet FILA- MENT and PLATE switches in that order, After an automatic 30-second delay the red indicators will light on all cabinets, When removing power turn the switches off in reverse order, Non-standard installations may be wired so that the plate supply to each cabinet is not affected by the control cabinet switches, See the installation section of the computer manual (pages 2 thru 5) for a descript- ion of the power control system and the various ways it may be wired, INITIAL CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS The operational components mentioned below must be occasionally checked and adjusted to insure continued accuracy, Whenever you have reason to suspect that a computer component may have lost the accuracy desired, make the checks and adjustments described here before inserting it in a problem-solving circuit, MODEL 1048 OPERATION AMPLIFIER Allow the amplifier to warm up one-half hour with both filament and plate power applied before making the front panel balance or zero adjustment, This adjustment corrects for amplifier drift and provides an indication of the operating condition of the amplifier, Although daily drift is negligible under normal conditions, daily adjustment is suggested since the procedure is quick and easy and will help the operator detect faulty amplifiers before they are used, To balance an amplifier place all the lever switches on the Model 1041 panel at ON (up) except the switch for the amplifier to be adjusted, Move this Operation-2 ae eee J — ep Co _] (- | tj Co) tL) oa C (J) CoD Co Co Co C4 (9 Co Co {3 ee ee ee (J Co Initial Checks switch to the down (balance) position, Then, if necessary, adjust the screwdriver control above it until the front panel meter reads zero, This indicates that the output voltage is zero (at ground) with the input at ground. If the meter will not come to zero, the amplifier is defective and should not be used in a problem-solving circuit, If the balance adjustment is insenstive compared to that of other amplifiers, the amplifier may lack enough gain to perform properly, When a defective amplifier is left in the computer rack and energized along with the rest, make sure that a feedback resistor (100K to 1M) is connected between the amplifier output and the input grid, This will prevent the amp- lifier from overloading and actuating the alarm circuitry on the control system, All amplifiers used as summers have a feedback resistor connected under all conditions, The other amplifiers may require a resistor patched in on the set- up panel, CAUTION: Take care not to connect an amplifier output to ground since this will damage the outptt tube, Do not connect a patch cord from an AMP OUT terminal to an AMP GRID terminal because the AMP GRID terminal is grounded during some computer operations, MODEL 1056 FUNC TION MULTIPLIER Properly adjusted this multiplier produces an output voltage within 1 volt of .OLXY where X and Y are the input voltages, The output voltage may drift as much as 1 volt during each hour following adjustment, The multipliers are numbered from 1 to 4 on the Model 104l panel, Below each number is a switch and four potentiometer controls for adjusting that multiplier, Make all four adjustments on each multiplier while all the other Operation-3 Initial Checks . multipliers in the cmssis are switched to OPERate, To make a precise adjustment using the meter cedure to adjust each multiplier: l, Turn the switch to DC ADJ and rotate the DC ADJ, control until the meter on the 1051 panel reads zero, At this position of the switch both X and Y inputs are zero, The adjustment sets the output voltage at zero, Turn the switch to X ADJ, and adjust the X ADJ control for a minimum reading on the meter, At this switch position the Y input is zero and the X input is a 60 cycle test signal which peaks at -100 and +100 volts, The adjustment sets the output voltage as near zero as possible over the full range of X values when Y is zero, Turn the switch to Y ADJ, and adjust the Y ADJ control for a minimum meter reading, At this switch position the X input is zero and the Y input is the test signal, NOTE: If the operator is preparing the multiplier for use in the sample problem, he may omit adjustment No, 4. Toset up the Model 1056 for this adjustment requires considerable knowledge of the control system, The multiplier will function accurately enough in the sample problem circuit without adjustment No, 4, The last adjustment determines the value of K in the output expression KXY,. Ideally, the adjustment should be made to achieve a minimum average error for all combinations of X and Y input voltages, If the first three adjustments have been made carefully, the static error may be held within 0, 5% by setting K at 01 for only one combination of X Operation-4 on the 1051 panel, press the METER SENsitivity button after the pointer has been brought near zero, Use the following pro- ae, Z| c— Cj | Co) coo y Initial Checks and Y voltages, Apply +100 volts to both X and Y inputs and connect the multiplier anda 100 volt reference source to a summing amplifier ss shown in the diagram below, Model 1056 with Switch at OPERate +100V Ref. xX R, = 0.1M 1M }-. O1XY MWA +100V Ref. Y To Meter ~~ _- Ry =0.1M +100V Ref. AAA Turn the switch to OPERate and adjust the OPERate control until the output of the summing amplifier is zero, This indicates that the output of the multiplier is -100 volts which is -,01 XY when X and Y are both +100 volts, The error due to any slight mismatch in the input resistors Ry and Ro may be detected and eliminated by reversing the inputs to the summing amplifier Connect the multiplier output to Ro and the reference source to Ry « If the output of the summer is still zero, the resistors are well matched, If an output voltage appears, readjust the OPERate potentiometer until the output voltage has the same absolute magnitude with summer inputs reversed as it does when the inputs are connected as diagramed above. When the above adjustments are made the multiplier is ready to be connected in a problem-solving circuit, , Repeat the adjustments before taking any critical data if so much time has passed since the last adjustment that drift might cause too great an error, The output of a multiplier may drift a maximum of 1 volt in a hour, Operation-5 Initial Checks FUNCTION GENERATORS See the section of the computer manual on the type function generator in- stalled for directions, If the function generator circuit conatins any Model 1048 amplifiers, make initial adjustments on those as described on "Operation, Page 2", | Operation-6 [ = __) Ct) tL) i | __] [— CONSTRUCTING AND USING A PROBLEM-SOLVING CIRCUIT GENERAL METHOD A problem-solving circuit is constructed mainly by making patch board con- nections and other adjustments on the control system shown opposite Page l. Input and output terminals of the various operational components which must be connected to form the circuit are gathered together within the system, Connections between different components are made by patching cords from one terminal to another on the set-up panel or patch board, This may be done with the board in the receptacle unit or removed whichever is most convenient, Input and feedback resistors and capacitors are inserted by plugging an external component into the patch board or by making connections to resistors and capacitors in the receptacle unit whose terminals have been brought out to the patch board, Fixed voltages are introduced into the com- puting circuitry by patching a cord from a terminal connected to a voltage source to an operational components terminal, After patch board connections are complete the board is placed in the receptacle unit (if it has been removed) and the values of internal resistors, capacitors | and fixed voltages sources are set by controls on the control cabinet, Starting from a "reset'' condition in which each integrator output is held at some initial condition voltage, the computer is switched to complete the problem-solving circuit and the circuit voltages begin to change with time, The solution to a problem is usually the voltage changes with respect to time a certain points in the circuit, Voltages at these points may be observed on a meter or re- corded, The changing voltages a may be halted at any time to inspect values at that point, The control system may be switched so that the solution is auto- matically repeated and consequently suitable for display on an oscilloscope, Operation-8 { ct C4 ne | | “ THE CONTROL APPARATUS SET-UP PANEL TERMINALS Each hole on the patch board becomes a single terminal jack when the board is in place in the receptacle unit, In some places schematic diagrams printed on the face of the patch board indicate the behind-the-board con- nections, All bussed terminals are connected by a line from one hole to the other, There are terminals for more operational components than are ordinarily installed in the computer, Identical components are numbered from 1 up and connected to groups of terminals numbered in the same way... Terminals bearing a higher number than the quantity of components installed are not connected to anything, The following pages contain a list of all the types of terminals on the patch board, Under the name of each type is the identifying patch board label, the location on the board and information on to what each is connected, Bussed Terminals (© & Zr) The terminals in the columns under the ~ sign and the column nearest the edge of the board under the Zin sign, are connected to no internal com-~- ponents whatever, These terminals are simply bussed as indicated on the face of the patch board, They are used for two purposes: first, to increase the number of terminals connected to any chosen point in a circuit so that several elements may be connected to that point; second, as simple mounting points for plug-in components which are connected with patch cords to component terminals elsewhere on the board, Summing Amplifier Terminals (AMP GRID, AMPIN & AMP OUT) The terminals of each amplifier (summers and integrators) are in a hor- izontal row opposite the number of the amplifier on the margin of the patch board, The complete behind-the-board connections to amplifier No, 4 are shown in Figure 1, All summers (that is, all amplifiers labelled 2 ) aré connected in this way. ' Operation-9 Set-Up Panel Terminals AMP IN AMP Zw coer our x10 X1 GRID 5) a a ae == WV 0.1M 1.0M Patch Board Section +28v iC" Relay ON 9 QOFF To AMPLIFIER ‘wo SELECTOR Switch = 1048 > COEFFICIENT A ADJUST Switch 1 10M Figure | Each amplifier has a fixed feedback resistance (R.) of lmegohm, Al megohm input resistor is connected from the input grid to the XI ter- minal on the patch board, A 0,1 megohm input resistor is connected from the grid to the X10 terminal on the board, You may use these terminals to set up the amplifier as a "unity" or "times ten" inverter without patching in external resistors, The input grid is also connected directly to the GRID terminal on the patch board, External plug-in input resistors may be patched to this terminal, The '"C"' Relay contact in Figure i is positioned as shown except when the COEFFICIENT ADJUST Switch is ON, Integrator Amplifiers Terminals (AMP GRID, AMP IN, AMP OUT) The complete behind-the-board connections to integrator amplifier No, l are shown in Figure 2, All amplifiers labelled '' f '' are connected in this way. Operation-~10 { {} | — { — 4 4 ? — C Set-up Panel Terminals 1,0 megohm and 0,1 megohm input resistors are connected to the Xl and X0 AMP IN terminals, and the input grid is connected directly to AMP Zz COEF AMP AMP AUX / ouUP— IN COEF BIAS X10 | X1 - + 293° C—O) (0 |2 212 I @ olla |lo|a eile e nasa I << | ee | 0. 1M AVA, 1. 0M . / ANI TO AMPLIFIE > )SSELECTOR Svitch COMPUTE ING ° 104 —— Wa "A" Relay Contacts —— Eee 1. Opf Sections of Patch Board = ; | }+_——-o INTEGRATOR CAPACITOR s_ Switch No. 1 I luf -—— INITIAL RESET o 1Q, IQ 219 31@ COMPUTE | CONDITIONS AM 2@l 129 22@32@ 100K | "B" Relay Contacts se Figure 2 the AMP GRID terminals, A1, Ouf or 0,luf feedback capacitor is chosen by 3-position switch labelled with the number of the integrator under "INTE- GRATOR CAPACITORS" below the patch board, When the SPECIAL-INTEGRATE switch bearing the number of the integrator is at INTEGRATE, the "A" & "B" relays are positioned according to the Operation-1i1 Set-up Panel Terminals operating condition set by the control unit, In the RESET condition the input grid is connected to the INITIAL CONDITION terminal marked by the number of the integrator, In this state the BIAS voltage, patched across the AMP OUT terminal and the INITIAL CONDITION terminals, charges the feed- [ fj back capacitor, NOTE: Operation-12 The five SPECIAL-INTEGRATE switches above the control unit panel are each labelled with the numbers of four integrators, Any group of four | may be converted to summing amplifiers by the following steps: | 1, Place the SPECIAL-INTEGRATE switch at SPECIAL, 2, Place the INTEGRATOR CAPACITORS switches labelled with the same numbers at the center position, 3, Patch a 1 megohm feedback resistor from the AMP GRID to the AMP OUT terminal of each amplifier, When this is done the amplifier operates exactly like a summing amplifier, The 'A" & "B" relays are not influenced by the operating condition of the computer, "A" and "B" relay contacts are positioned as shown in Figure 2 when the COEF- FICIENT adjust switch is ON, When this switch is OFF both contacts assume the opposite position, co {_] | 2 (- i Lo) H C7 Pood reo i a: — —— Lowe — I pe LL Unity Inverter Terminals INVERT Terminals for six unity inverter amplifiers numbered 41 to 46 are availiable near the center of the board under the two columns labelled "INVERT", Two input terminals for each are adjacent the number of the amplifier in the column labelled "IN" and two output terminals in the OUT column, The input and feedback resistances of these amplifiers are fixed and are bothl1M, so that any voltage introduced at either of the two input terminals appears with an op- posite sign at both of the output terminals, Auxiliary Amplifier Terminals AMPLIFIERS Terminals for four extra amplifiers which have no internal input or feedback resist- ors are available in a row near the center of the patch board labelled "AMPLIFIERS, "' Multiplier Terminals Xx, Y& ,Ol XY Terminals for sixteen multipliers are loc~ ated in convenient gapsin the AMP IN and AMP, OUT columns labelled X, Y and -, 01 XY, Theterminals for eachmultiplier are in the rowmarkedbyitsnumber, The vol- tage appearing at either of the output ter- Set-up Panel Terminals minals inthe , 01XY columnis equal to -, 01 times the product of the voltage introduc- ed at the input terminal in the X column and that introduced at the input terminal in the Y column, Function Generator Terminals FUNCTION GEN, Terminals for five function generators are located in the center of the patch board under FUNCTION GEN, See the section of this manual onfunction generators to learn how these terminals are connected, Silicon Diode Terminals DIODES These are at the top center of the patch board under DIODES, They areconnected exactly as shown on the face of the board, Since the diodes are ordinarily used in pairs for limiting circuits, etc, they are numbered in pairs from 1 to 5, Servo Potentiometer Terminals COEF IN & AUX COEF The numbers composing the second col- umn in from the margins of the patch board refer to the first sixty precision potent- iometers located in the control unit, The terminals adjacent to each number (one under Z,,.,. and two under COEF, IN) are IN Operation-13 Set-up Panel Terminals connected to that potentiometer as shown in the schematic diagram which appears on the patch board near numbers 1 and 31, Terminals for the remaining thirty-eight potentiometers in the control unit are in the broken columns labelled "AUX. COEF, " These, numbered 61 to 98, are connected as shownon theboardn