Analog Computers

Manual / Guide · 1960

Instruction Manual: Model 3103 Dual DC Amplifier (Chopper-Stabilized) and Model 3732 Electronic Multiplier (Quarter-Square Type)

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Two bound instruction manuals for Donner Scientific Company (a division of Systron-Donner Corporation) analog computer plug-in units. The Model 3103 (August 1960) covers the Dual DC Amplifier using chopper-stabilization, including specifications, installation, operation, circuit description, servicing, parts list, and schematic (Drawing No. 5217). The Model 3732 (July 1961) covers the Electronic Multiplier using the quarter-square technique, providing similar operator and maintenance reference material for use with Donner 3000-series analog computers.

Manufacturer
Systron-Donner
System
Donner Model 3103; Donner Model 3732
Year
1960
Type
Manual / Guide
Language
English
Learning track
machine reference
Pages
40
  • Donner Model 3103; Donner Model 3732
  • Systron-Donner
  • DC amplifier
  • chopper-stabilized amplifier
  • electronic multiplier
  • analog computer components

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Instruction Manual: Model 3103 Dual DC Amplifier (Chopper-Stabilized) and Model 3732 Electronic Multiplier (Quarter-Square Type)

August 1960 INSTRUCTION MANUAL MODEL 3103 DUAL DC AMPLIFIER (Chopper- Stabilized) DONNER SCIENTIFIC COMPANY Concord, California A Division of Systron-Donner Corporation Lot No. Model 3103 CONTENTS General Description . ‘Specifications Installation Operation Circuit Description . Servicing Tube Pin Voltages, (Table 1) Parts List Parts Location |Ilustration Schematic Diagram, Drawing No. 5217 Page 10 SYSTRON €=—=3[5 > DONNER cORPORATI ON WARRANTY Systron- Donner instruments are warranted during a period of one year from date of shipment to original purchaser to be free from defects in material and workmanship. This warranty does not apply to vacuum tubes, except as they are warranted by tube manufacturers. The liability of Seller under this warranty is limited to replacing or repairing any instrument or component thereof which is returned by Buyer at his expense during such period and which has not been subjected to misuse, neglect, improper installations, repair, alteration, or accident. Seller shall have the right of final determination as to the existence and cause of a defect. In no event shall Seller be liable for collateral or consequential damages. This warranty is in lieu of any other warranty, express, implied or statutory, and no agreement extending or modifying it will be binding upon Seller unless in writing and signed by a duly authorized officer. RECEIVING INSPECTION Every Systron Donner instrument is carefully inspected and is in perfect working order at the time of shipment. Each instrument should be checked as soon as received. If the unit is damaged in any way or fails to operate, a claim should immediately be filed with the trans- portation company. REPAIRS Whenever a Systron-Donner instrument requires service, the nearest Systron-Donner represen- tative should be contacted; all representatives will provide immediate service or arrange factory returns when necessary. Please specify both model and serial number in all correspondence concerning Systron-Donner instruments. Address all inquiries on operation or applications to your nearest sales represen- tative or Sales Manager, Instruments, Systron-Donner Corporation, 888 Galindo Street, Concord, California, CONCORD, CALIFORNIA ADDENDUM REFERENCE: INSTRUCTION MANUAL MODEL 3103, PAGE 1, GENERAL DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH 2, WAS: " °*** The amplifiers are designed to withstand prolonged overloads or excessive load currents eee! CHANCE TO: "™ eee The amplifiers are designed to withstand | momentary overloads or excessive load currents. Prolonged direct shorts or overloads which would cause the amplifier to deliver over 10ma may cause permanent damage and amplifier failure eal al GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Donner Dual DC Amplifier, Model 3103, contains two identical amplifier channels con- structed on a compact printed circuit chassis. Each dual amplifier is a plug-in unit having a special low-leakage male connector as an integral part of the chassis. Model 3103 designates the chopper-stabilized version of the amplifier. When the stabilizing amplifier section is omitted, the amplifier is designated Model 3104. The stabi- lizing amplifier section consists of a two-stage mechanical chopper-type a-c amplifier which im- proves the d-c gain and drift characteristics of the ‘basic amplifier section by a factor of better than 500. / / The Model 3103 dual DC amplifiers have been designed for use either with Donner analog computers or in DC amplifier systems. Their high gain, band width, and stability when operated with complex feedback networks make them well- suited for special applications. Stray capacity up to 500 mmfd. may be connected to both the amplifier input and output terminals with neg- ligible effect upon the frequency response below 20 ke. Stability is maintained at low values of feedback resistance, including a short circuit. The amplifiers are designed to withstand pro- longed overloads or excessive load currents. The Model 3103 features a true overload indicating output for external indicator circuitry. SPECIFICATIONS (Mode! 3103, Stabilized) Note: Unless otherwise noted, all specifications apply to a unity inverter (R,,= Rg = 1 megohm) TOTAL DC GAIN ->10 million Unstabilized section —>20,000 Stabilizer —>500 OUTPUT Type: A voltage 180° out of phase with the input voltage. Maximum range — +100 volts at 4 ma maximum load current. OUTPUT IMPEDANCE -— less than 0.01 ohm D.C. STABILITY (referred to summing junction) Short-term stability — +200 ,.v (random noise) Off Set for +10% line voltage change — +150 pv PHASE SHIFT Frequency A B_ | A: R,, & Re,= 100K W=0.5° | Ske 3ke 1.5° | 10ke Ske 5.0° | 40kc 15ke B: Ro & Rep = 1 megohm Model 3103 FREQUENCY RESPONSE A _B_ arg. & Ry = 100K f 100kc | 45ke m B:R, & Rey= 1 megohm resonance _INTEGRATOR DRIFT (R = 1 megohm, C = 1 mfd) Average drift is less than 150 pv/sec. OVERLOAD RECOVERY TIME - less than 8 sec. NOISE LEVEL (60 cps hum referred to summing junction) — 2 mv peak-peak POWER REQUIREMENTS (two channels) +300 volts regulated at 25 ma (quiescent) -310 unregulated at 19 ma (quiescent) ~150V regulated at 0.35 ma 6.3V +10%,' 50-60 cps at 2.0 amps DIMENSIONS —. 3 inches height 1-7/8 inches width 8 inches length INSTALLATION MOUNTING The Dual DC amplifier is the basic com- ponent for one series of Donner analog computer components and DC amplifier systems. In the latter application, a Model 3121 amplifier re- ceptacle unit is normally employed for mounting up to five dual amplifiers. The amplifiers are installed in the computer or receptacle unit by unlocking the two wing nuts on the rear apron and inserting the amplifier card into the recep- tacle connectors. When the rear apron is closed and locked, the amplifiers are held securely in place by the rubber mounting guides on the apron. All signal and power connections to the amplifier are available for measurement at the terminals of the mating female receptacle. Input and output signal connections are available at the front panel receptacles on standard mounting units. POWER REQUIREMENTS All filament and DC operating voltages for the dual DC amplifier are normally supplied by the compact regulated power supply contained in the amplifier receptacle unit. Power require- ments for one dual amplifier chassis (2 amplifier channels) are given in the Specification section. The +300 volt source is regulated to within +0.2% for full line and load variations. The -150 volt source is regulated to within +0.1%. Hum and noise should be restricted to less than 50 milli- volts peak-to-peak for best results. All drift and offset characteristics given under ‘‘Specifica- tions’’ were obtained with an unregulated fila- ment supply (6.3 volts +10%). Regulation of this supply to within 1% will considerably improve amplifier stability. BALANCE VOLTAGE An external positive and negative bias voltage source is connected to pins F and D of the amplifier connector to provide the necessary ‘zero voltage’’ for balancing the amplifier. In a standard Donner installation this circuitry is provided in the amplifier receptacle unit. OPERATION WARM-UP The Model 3103 amplifiers should be al- lowed to warm up for at least 15 minutes prior to their use in critical applications. When em- ployed with instruments in which filament and plate power supplies are separately controlled, the plate power need not be energized until the amplifiers are ready for use. BALANCING After an initial warmup period, the dual amplifier should be checked for balance. When used with a standard Donner receptacle unit or computer, refer to the appropriate instruction manual for the balance procedure. Normally, the dual de amplifier is checked in an inverting circuit having a gain of 1000 (With reference to Figure 1,R;,, = Ik, Ry, = 1 megohms.) With the Model 3104, use R;, = 10k, Ry, = Im. The average output voltage reading in either case should be set at zero by adjusting the external balance potentiometer and should not in any case exceed +0.4 volts, which reflects a typical off- set voltage appearing at the summing junction of the amplifier. The minute fluctuations of the meter needle during the balance adjustment are a normal condition. OVERLOAD CONDITION During operation of the Model 3103 amplifier with Donner computers or the Model 3121 recep- tacle unit, observe the overload indicators to make certain that the amplifiers being used do not overload. If an overload occurs, first verify the external computing circuit connections, com- ponent values, and range of input voltages. Next, verify the balance adjustment. If the amplifier appears to be defective, remove the chassis from the receptacle unit. During the warm-up period, all amplifiers may overload but they should re- turn to normal after approximately one minute. Place a feedback resistor between the input and output terminals of any amplifier not being used in a computing circuit to insure that it will not drift into overload. Model 3103 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION fb Figure 1. Basic Operational Amplifier Circuit DC amplifiers are used in analog computers to perform the mathematical operations of addi- tion, subtraction, integration, and multiplication by a constant. These operations are performed by associating precision resistors, capacitors, and potentiometers with the basic DC amplifier. When two precision resistors are connected to the basic amplifier as illustrated in Fig. 1, de- generative feedback is applied around the ampli- fier, and the value of the closed loop gain is precisely controlled by the ratio of the feedback resistor, Rep, to the input resistor, Ria If the amplifier gain is large relative to this resistor ratio, then the value of the closed loop gain is exclusively determined by the resistor ratio. The junction between the input resistor and the feedback resistor is called the amplifier summing junction. The summing junction voltage appearing at this point is equal to the amplifier output voltage reduced by the amplifier gain. As the amplifier gain is made very large, the voltage at the amplifier summing junction is reduced to- wards zero, and the amplifier summing junction can be considered as a virtual ground. Since the DC amplifier exhibits a large, but finite gain, a very small voltage exists at the amplifier summing junction. This voltage is, in fact, necessary to generate the amplifier output voltage. R fb STABILIZATION When the voltage applied to the amplifier, illustrated in Fig. 1, is equal to zero, the output voltage should also be zero. However, the ampli- fier tube characteristics, power supply voltages, and the resistance values do not remain perfectly stable with time. As a consequence, the DC potentials within the amplifier circuitry will vary as a function of tube aging, temperature, the DC supply potentials, and the heater voltages applied to the amplifier vacuum tubes. These effects accumulate within the amplifier and generate an error voltage at the amplifier output terminals. In general, the degenerative feedback through the resistive connection between the amplifier input and output terminals greatly reduces the influence of variations which arise within the amplifier circuitry. The most significant source of drift within the operational amplifier is associated with the amplifier input stage(since this voltage under- goes the largest amount of amplification through succeeding stages) and, in particular, is caused by variations in the heater potential of the input tube. It has been shown that degenerative feed- back is incapable of reducing the amplifier drift which is caused by heater current variations in the amplifier input stage. In order to minimize the critical low tre- quency components of drift within the amplifier input stage, a drift-free stabilizing amplifier is connected into the circuitry as illustrated in Figure 2. The addition of this stage effectively increases the overall amplifier gain at low fre- quencies by a factor of approximately 500. Since this stage contributes no drift of its own, the ef- fective overall drift of the amplifier is thereby reduced by approximately an equal amount. eee ee ee = a\y\\Ag = —am os oe ey R 1 HIGH FREQUENCY ——» Sg in 1 -—-- = E in Sy gehe 4— sj DC AND DRIFT Figure 2. Model 3103 DC AMPLIFIER STABILIZING AMPLIFIER DC Amplifier With Stabilization CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION LOW PASS Oo “ CHOPPER ° 60 CPS Figure 3. AC AMPLIFIER DIODE DEMODULATOR 60 CPS © MODULATOR SMOOTHING FILTER Es MWh L cout Simplified Diagram of Stabilizer Amplifier (Designated Voltages refer to Figure 4.) STABILIZING AMPLIFIER (Model 3103 only) With reference to the appended amplifier schematic diagram the stabilizer portion of the circuit includes all components associated with tubes V103 and V104. A simplified diagram of the stabilizer amplifier is shown in Fig. 3. Typical voltage waveforms at significant points within this diagram are illustrated in Fig. 4. Circuit symbols designated below refer to the ‘‘A’’ ampli- fier channel. A low frequency voltage applied to the amp- lifier input terminal passes thru the RC filter consisting of R110 and C102, which attenuates frequencies above 3.0 cycles, thus allowing only very low frequency components to pass to the chopper from the input terminals. The electro-mechanical chopper, Y101, al- ternately grounds and ungrounds the amplifier in- put voltage at the point between resistor R111 and capacitor C103 at a rate of 60 cps so that the low frequency components of input voltage are converted into a 60 cps square wave as shown in Fig. 4B. Blocking capacitor C103 removes the de component of the signal, producing the wave- form shown in Fig. 4C. The type 12AX7 and 6112 dual triodes (% of V104 and 4 of V103) form a typical two-stage capacitively-coupled amplifier. The output of this amplifier is an amplified squarewave voltage in phase with the signal applied to the input grid of V104. This signal is passed thru blocking capacitor C110 to the diode demodulating circuit consisting of rectifiers CR101 and CR102. The diode demodulator operates in synchronism with the chopper modulator in order to generate a rectified voltage (shown at Fig. 4E) which is then applied to the grid (pin 2) of the DC amplifier input stage V101 through the RC filtering network formed by resistor R129 and capacitor C104. The diode demodulators function in the following manner: The two silicon diodes, CR101 and CR102 are connected in series with the cur- rent limiting resistors, R130 and R131 across the center-tapped source of 6.3 volts a-c. During one-half of the 60 cps period, the two diodes will conduct heavily, causing the voltage at the junc- tion between capacitor C110 and resistor R129 to be at the same level at the center tap of the 6.3 a-c filament power source; i.e., at zero po- tential. During the second half of the 60 cps period the two silicon diodes will be biased in the non-conducting state and the voltage at the junction between them will be unaffected by the demodulator circuitry. The waveform of the volt- age at the junction between the diodes is illus- trated in Fig. 4D. The stabilizing amplifier has a gain of 500 or better at zero frequency (d.c.). The low pass RC input filter attenuates input signal frequencies above 3 cps and the stabilizing amplifier is vir- tually removed from the circuit at frequencies substantially above 5 cps. The stabilizing amp- lifier, therefore, is the normal path for d-c and drift frequency components, while higher fre- quencies are applied directly to the input tube (V101 of the DC Amplifier). Model 3103 +1 mv INPUT VOLTAGE 0 (a) +1 mv MODULATED INPUT 7 , VOLTAGE [ (60 cps Modulation) 0) r , C7 = (b) +0.5 mv BLOCKED INPUT 0 | T— a (c) VOLTAGE | = L— -0.5 mv oO | (d) AMPLIFIED | lL DEMODULATED INPUT Ey, -2 V O | (e) SMOOTHED OUTPUT Figure 4. Typical Waveforms in the Stabilizing Amplifier (Refer to Figure 3) Model 3103 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION DC AMPLIFIER The DC Amplifier section consists of V101, a type 12AX7 tube used as a differential amp- lifier, and V102, a type 6BR8 tube used as a two- stage regenerative amplifier with cathode follower output. The input signal (or summing junction voltage) is applied to Pin 7 of V101. The stabi- lizing amplifier output as well as the external balance voltage is applied to the second grid of this tube. Regeneration in the second stage is accomplished through the common cathode coup- ling resistor R122. The neon tubes 1101, 1102, and 1106 provide a constant voltage drop between the plate of V102A and the grid of V102B, thus biasing the cathode follower output stage cor- rectly to produce a zero volt output in the quie- scent condition. The use of this low impedance means of coupling contributes to the high gain of the stage. The overall amplifier is inherently very stable. Capacitors C105 and C107 provide high frequency compensation for improved fre- quency response. OVERLOAD CIRCUITRY In the Model 3103, an a-c output voltage is obtained from the plate (pin 1) of V103 in the stabilizing amplifier and is available at the chassis connector Pin J (or Pin K) for utilization in an external true-overload circuit. True over- load exists when the signal at this point exceeds approximately 20 volts, peak to peak, reflecting an excessive level of voltage at the summing junction of the overall amplifier. When this con- dition occurs, the voltage fires a thyratron in the external overload indicating circuit. Voltage overload for the Model 3103 is also indicated by external circuitry. A neon lamp is placed a- cross the voltage divider network connected to the amplifier output. When the output voltage exceeds approximately +100 volts, the lamp fires. BALANCE CIRCUITRY The balance voltage applied to Pin 2 of V101 is obtained from an external ‘‘zero’’ or balance potentiometer located on the computer or amplifier receptacle panel. Voltage is applied through a network consisting of R106 to R109 and C104, which has an exceedingly large time constant in order to minimize fluctuations in the balance voltage source. The balance voltage is adjusted to produce zero volts at the amplifier (connected operationally asa high gain ‘‘summer’) is also zero volts. Model 3103 The trouble shooting procedure described below will enable the service man to check the operation of the amplifier and determine systema- tically the source of trouble. Power is applied for all tests. A sensitive oscilloscope and high impedance millivoltmeter (Kintel Model 202B or Belleville-Hexem EIR meter, Model 110A) are required. In making the tests, use the second amplifier channel on the chassis or one on an- other chossis known to: perform well, to obtain normal indications for comparison. As a rule, component detail numbers given in the text will refer only to the A amplifier channel. Refer to the schematic diagram for the equivalent B chan- nel detail numbers. Always try tube and chopper replacement before making the other tests pre- scribed. Symptoms A. Nervous Amplifier — output voltage observed during balance adjustment drifts beyond specified balance range, possibly by a factor of 10 or more. Analysis: Low gain in stabilizing amplifier. Test: Make gain test as follows: Apply a +] millivolt signal to the amplifier input termi- nal (A), using no amplifier feedback resis- tor. Measure the output voltage at pin 2 of V101 using a very high impedance (approxi- mately 100 megohms) voltmeter and allowing about one minute for the meter to reach maximum indication. The reading should be at least 0.5 volts, d.c. Reverse the input voltage polarity and repeat the measurement. Correction: Replace V103 or V104, chopper Y101. Check resistance of R110 to R112 and other components in the stabilizing amplifier. If gain is normal, replace V101 and check associated components. Replace C102 or C103. B. Saturated Amplifier: Analysis: Usually fault is in high-speed path or may be combination high-speed and sta- bilizer section faults. Test: (a) Cut out the stabilizer section by short- ing to ground at the junction between CR101 and CR102. Now try to balance the amplifier. The adjustment will be extremely sensitive, but if a zero output can be obtained, the DC amplifier section is normal. Refer to Symp- tom A for hints on locating trouble in the stabilizer section. Model 3103 SERVICING (b) If the output is still saturated, check the DC amplifier section gain with no feed- back resistor: apply a +1 millivolt signal to the input (terminal A) and measure the change in output at pin 1 of VIOI. It should be at least 40 millivolts. Under normal con- ditions, the output voltage at terminal H will change at least 40 volts for a +1 mv input. Correction: Replace tube V101 or V102. Measure their tube pin voltages per Table. C. Will Not Balance Analysis: Stabilizing Amplifier Section. (a) Equal but opposite offset in the two amplifier channels indicates that one side of the filament voltage source is grounded. (b) Unbalanced demodulator section. (c) Noisy chopper. (d) Excessive 60 cps pickup caused by cathode-to-filament leakage. Correction: Check CR101, CR102 and asso- ciated components. Replace V101 or chopper Y101. Clean printed circuit board to remove dust, etc., between filament and signal lines. D, Excessive Hum (60 cps) Analysis: V101 or V102 leaky. If amplifier output is saturated at 60 cps, check for open C104 or R129. See also Symptom C. E. Oscillation at high frequency (60-80KC) Analysis: Failure of high-frequency suppres- sion components. Regeneration components out of tolerance. Test: Observe output on oscilloscope. Correction: Check values of R118 and R122, Check C105 through C108. Change output tube V102. F., Low Frequency Oscillations (approx. 10 cps) Analysis: Poor power regulation supply caused by low line voltage. Faulty chopper Amplifier section. (See Symptom A.) G. Slow Overload Recovery Analysis: Second stage in stabilizing ampli- fier clamping. Correction: Replace V103. 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FOIA mA wo gt 9 GNNCYD INNS - | . 4} 7 i noe nose yoee ‘BO* S27 . lon 420 — o rnoore wey a ogre ») wa Aare —Inw sNngsne nem as sf A xs Caled yer wess, OMe 227 Ss vexe2 1 “ 2ota 3A ¢—— +? » Hy F saci OO ae errr Vv TINH 2 ° - é (zoo: : Lessa v 4nere . 162~ fy 2L pitt od eer 2 sort vole = =i if woe “s es . { most moez “Sor ws x00! “ue we sore rO1r ‘AooF 4 Bae 5 dz xievview wee wre wee wee sare PO L008 t02 / heer lve) uo lame] | ape) mwa ae 4 sare ceons Cro co i a one ? 1 3 4 y aq n 7 > t DONNER SCIENTIFIC COMPANY A Subsidiary of Systron-Donner Corp. Concord, California Supplementary Instruction Manual For Model 3500 Analog Computer AUXILIARY PROBLEM BOARD SET MODEL 3530 Model 3530 Problem Board Set used with Model 3500 Analog Computer GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Model 3530 Problem Board Set is an acces- sory for the Model 3500 portable analog computer which effectively converts the instrument into two, independent computers and permits the use of spare problem boards. It is intended primarily as.an educa- tional aid, but will greatly enhance the versatility of the computer in general applications. Each unit of the problem board set commands five amplifiers within the Model 3500, three of which may be used as integrators. On each unit are problem board jacks corresponding to the terminals on the Model 3500 fixed problem board, three initial condition coeffi- cient potentiometers, bias voltage terminals, and a function switch duplicating the Model 3500 function switch, all of which are utilized in the same manner as the corresponding controls on the Model 3500 com- puter. When the cable connectors of the Model 353 ) set are inserted into the corresponding front pane’ receptacles, J407 and J408, of the Model 3500, cll necessary connections are made from the function switches and terminals on the units to the amplifiers in the computer. Each problem board unit of the set measures AY, inches high by 8 inches wide by 12 inches long, and has a 38-inch cable. Shipping weight for the set of two is 18 pounds. OPERATION PRELIMINARY Place the Model 3500 computer function switch at ‘‘hold’’ during all operations with the Model 3530. Remove all patchcords and components from the Model 3500 fixed problem board and insert the cable connectors of the Model 3530 units into J407 and J408 on the Model 3500 front panel. Each unit will control the following amplifiers in the Model 3500, as indicated by the problem board legend. Amplifiers controlled by Unit connected to J407 J408 Amplifier Function Ampl. #1 #4 #2 #5 integrating or summing #3 #8 #6 #9 . #7 #10 summing only PATCHING OPERATIONS The patching operations for the Model 3530 are identical to those explained in Section 4, page 14, of the Model 3500 instruction manual, with the fol- lowing single exception. Observe that each ampli- fier terminal group in the upper row of the Model 3530 problem board panel has three pairs of jumper terminals indicated thus: ) To utilize the amplifier corresponding to each set of terminals as an integrator, connect together the two terminals of each pair as well as the cor- responding IC terminals adjacent to the like-number- ed potentiometer. For zero initial conditions, ground the IC terminal as illustrated on page 15 of the Model 3500 manual. Each amplifier has four columns of terminals associated with it. When an amplifier is connected as an integrator, insert the plug-in input components between the first and second columns from the left. To use the same amplifier terminals for summing operations (that is, when the jumpered terminals are disconnected), connect a patchcord between the second and third columns. The two summing amplifier terminal groups in the lower row are utilized exactly as explained in the Model 3500 manual. The terminals immediately adjacent to the in- put and output side of the amplifier symbol on the Model 3530 units parallel the corresponding terminals on the Model 3500 fixed problem board; therefore, these terminals on the Model 3500 may be used to supplement those on the problem board units when required. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS All voltage measurements for problems set up on the Model 3500 problem board units are made with the meter on the Model 3500. Connect it either for direct measurements or null operation as des- cribed in the Model 3500 manual. When a measure- ment is to be made at the amplifier output terminal, as for initial condition adjustment, the reading may be taken at the terminal on the Model 3500 fixed problem board as well as at the corresponding ter- minal on the Model 3530 plug-in board. Measure- ments on the Model 3530 problem board unit may be facilitated by using the trunk lines to terminals on the Model 3500 labeled ‘‘1’’ or ‘'2’’. The correspond- ing trunk-line terminal on each Model 3530 unit is the sole violet-colored one. Refer to the Model 3500 instruction manual for all other operating procedures, including amplifier balance. The Model 3530 Problem Board set cannot be used with the Model 3520 Multiple Control Unit. MAINTENANCE The Model 3530 problem board set requires no adjustment nor routine maintenance. Malfunction within these units would be confined to defective switch contacts, potentiometers, and cable connec- tions. Refer to Dwg. 6282 for circuit connection information. OM ORC. _ aa GBvog WANGOHY - DILWWAHIS Van) 2922 ANVAOWOD DIIANSIOS HII/K] Creatas viugavr wait fon SET al . wat NYS | eee REL oot ent ed Mi 07-9-7/ rar’ Sousana _—_—— a 1O G Ss SNLLOHS-NON : “AINO 4ay Os ONILYOHS SNUMOHS SSUAONS ANI AAVBH NI NMOHS VANWa No DANABYISAUS BUNOALWIDNSWON'! no 6 ha , Ho «4 8 HO eho 2 BLON y ‘ 1 . ‘ 20: %S fm, DO!) wHSimy 2h %SSM%, , 1 f 4 S0Su 2m1nwoKs-non | BoSy DNLLuOHS-NON | LS IM On Hy $0Guy 5 > oO : LC) =O Oo 0 9 ae o7~*o-+o--0| 0 O 02000 |v JO} ln! z]>}¥| 4] 5] ZI aloe} ole |al>}3 hx] N ) uN Q 8 es es o*~0+0-+0 0 O 4 {} | { b oO'oO oO ~O) LO) OND OND ANd ONS [oO © Q [po 2 195, Loz} lko-0 — el DI Eo 5 | 3! ° Goi+ Sol- ? 2 i gol- : I wo m> mM Mm? md Mm>d rand 1 Sas? | Fey” Ree J ] if J wav] viva | one ower] trowase s “SING NOVWWGNOD TVILINI es aT iL INSTRUCTION MANUAL MODEL 3732 ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER (Quarter Square Type) Issue No. Serial No. July, 1961 SYSTRON €—=3/ > DONNER CORPORATION CONCORD, CALIFORNIA IDENTIFICATION OF AND RESTRICTIONS ON USE AND DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY DATA The disclosure of this informa when necessary, Namen ann Rene ena .. roprietary rights thereof, but is to be tion does not constitute escribed herein must he ohtained in + used for information Purposes only Permission to reproduce this informa- arriting fram tha Cywetenne ee eee Table of Contents GENERAL DESCRIPTION . Function, Different Versions SPECIFICATIONS . INSTALLATION OPERATING PROCEDURES Gain Adjustment, Terminal Connections PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION . MAINTENANCE List of Illustrations Model 3732 Title The Four Basic Versions of the Model 3732 Multiplier . Terminal Identification on Switch Assembly, Model 3732B. Terminal Identification on Model 3732A Signal Connections for Model 3732A Connections for Multiplication and Division Connections for Squaring, Square Root, etc. . Functional Block Diagram of the Model 3732 The Square Curve is Simulated by Straight Lines Diagram of the Division Circuit . . . . Schematic Diagram, Dwg. No. 8494 (Model 3732A) . 6701 (Model 3732P) . Page 10 Page O0OA UK Ww 9 * Reference DONNER cc QUARTER- SU "6 Oe : on 9 9732 GR & oe Rat ® 6 Figure 1 — The Four Basic Versions of the Model 3732 Multiplier 1-General Description 1.1 FUNCTION The 3732 series electronic multipliers offer a choice of several different packaging versions of a solid-state quarter-square type multiplier circuit. Each unit is essentially a dual channel squaring network which performs the following basic opera- tions when patched into a computer circuit: a. Four-quadrant multiplication (single-channel ): output = -.01XY b. Two-quadrant division: output = -100X/Y c. Squaring (two channels): outputs of =~ 01X* and +.01Y2 d. Square-root (two channel): outputs of +10X? and -10Y2 e. Fourth power and fourth root Many variations of these operations are possible as explained under ‘‘Operating Instructions’’. The 3732 series normally operates with input and output voltages of +100 volts full scale, but for solid-state system applications a +10 volt range instrument may be ordered. Static accuracy in four quadrant multiplication is within 500mv (0.25% of full scale) and within 250mv in the squaring mode. External operational amplifiers are required with the quarter-square multiplier. For multiplication, one amplifier is needed for output scaling and, if two-polarity input signals are not available, two input inverting amplifiers are also necessary. Input and feedback resistors for the associated ampli- fiers are internally mounted (except in Model 3732A) and resistance values of the input networks are matched in pairs to within 0.01% tolerance. The multiplier normally operates from a +100 to 105- volt reference supply available in the computer, or it may be. factory set to operate from another level. Two screwdriver adjustments are provided for calibration of the squaring networks. No other ad- justments are required. Mode! 3732 1.2 DIFFERENT VERSIONS Four basic versions of the Model 3732 multi- plier are illustrated in Figure 1. MODEL 3732P is packaged as a compact plug-in unit with operating mode switch which may be mounted directly on the problem board of a Donner or other type of analog computer having %4-inch hole spacing. All interconnections are made to terminals on top of the case. Case dimensions are 3" x QV" x Q" 3 MODEL 3732R is three-channel (maximum) rack- mounting panel version. Panel dimensions are 3/2" x 19". Total depth is 3%" (2%" behind the panel). MODEL 3732B is the internal switch and com- ponent assembly of the plug-in multiplier, supplied without case or signal terminals, for panel mount- ing in custom systems. The two gain adjustment controls are supplied unmounted. Dimensions are 2 x 2" x 3" deep. MODEL 3732A may also be referred to as a dual squaring network. It is designed as asystem module and is laid-out on a 3 by 8-inch printed circuit card which mates with a 15-pin connector. The operating mode switch and precision resistors for the external amplifiers are not included, but the instrument can be connected to perform the same operations as the other versions. 2-Specifications Multiplication: INPUT AND OUTPUT RANGE: INPUT IMPEDANCE: ACCURACY: BANDWIDTH: PHASE SHIFT: NOISE LEVEL: REFERENCE REQUIREMENTS: SQUARING: DIVISION: SQUARE ROOT: +100 volts (+10 volt version available) 33K ohms minimum 100V range: 500mv (0.25% of full scale) 10V range: 100mv (0.5% of full scale) With both inputs zero, the output is within 20mv of zero. Output drift is less than 5mv in an 8 hour period. With one input zero andthe other ranging over +100 volts, maximum error in output is within 6Omv. -3db at 20kes typical Less than 1° at Ikes. Will add less than 15mv rms to hum level of ex- ternal amplifier. Requires a positive and negative source (with 0.1% regulation for rated accuracy). Internal adjustment permits operation from a source between 100 and 105 volts. Current drain is 3ma, maximum. Special versions operate from as low as + 10V reference. Static accuracy is within 250mv. Other specifica- tions as shown for multiplication. Static accuracy is 0.25% of full scale (500mv) for X=Y=100 volts. With X=Y, error increases inversely with magnitude of Y. At maximum output, performance is identical with multiplication mode. 3- Installation 3.1 The Mode! 3732P unit is normally mounted by plugging it into two adjacent unoccupied termi- nals on the computer problem board. Its two mount- ing prongs are electrically insulated. They may be removed by opening the case as described under ‘‘Maintenance’’, 3.2 The Mode! 3732R panel instrument mounts in a standard 19-inch computer rack. 3.3 The Mode! 3732B switch assembly is mount- ed to a panel by means of the locknut on the switch. The two gain potentiometers supplied with the instrument are furnished with hardware for panel-mounting. Figure 2 identifies the terminals on the rear circuit wafer of the assembly to which the potentiometers and all signal connections are soldered. Use a low power soldering iron when y FO ARM ed(-X) @B- ADuY @ CW @ xX @u(y) @ CCW @® Be ®@.O1xy ARM ® GND x (°® Pu(xy) 5 oY) ADJ 2 @ CW @.O1Y ® CCW @Y OT @ xX Figure 2 — Terminal Identification on Switch Assembly, Model 3732B soldering at the printed circuit board terminals. To enable the Mode! 3732B to be used for all possible operations, a patch-connection system between the unit andthe external amplifiers should be employed, like the terminals on the Model 3732P version. 3.4 The Mode! 3732A plugs into a 15-pin recep- tacle connector*. Signal and reference voltage connections tothe receptacle must be made accord- ing to Figure 3. The Model 3732A may be perma- nently programmed for a single mode of operation within a special system; however, a patch-connec- tion system, as suggested for Model 3732B, will permit all operations that are possible with the other versions. The circuitry consists only of that portion indicated within brackets in Figure 6. The input and feedback resistors for the external amplifiers are not included. The use of 1% deposit- ed-carbon resistors of the values shown in Figure 3 is recommended because of their good temperature stability. Each pair of resistors should be matched to the closest possible tolerance. (Donner specifi- cation is 0.01%). Connections for the basic opera- tions are shown in Figure 4, By referring to Figure 5B, one can learn how to perform other operations. Note that jumpers are required between adjacent input terminals, as indicated in Figure 3, for all Operations except multiplication and division. *Methode part No.CD-615S(Donner stock No.J0148) or Amphenol part No. 143-015(Donner stock No. J0069) IY GAIN ADJ | [X GAIN ADu | B+ GROUND Be 2 -K(X-Y) -Ys -X ~ +Y"} +X # Y NETWORK }x NETWORK K(X+Y)©. OUT For omnZtcxAreTrzAvAMHM Figure 3 — Terminal Identification on Mcdel 3732A (Card Version) Connect jumpers as indicated except in multiplication and division. Model 3732 A. CONNECTIONS FOR MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION (FOR DIVISION ADD CONNECTIONS SHOWN IN DOTTED LINES} omit 250K RESISTOR ACROSS AMPLIFIER NO. 3) mmr rar cnr rrerrenwnrenn =_ 14x ; x 1M -x} X — [k(x+y)® 1 INPUT vy | NET- (MULT 1M WORK 250K 4 ONLY ual 1 ouTPUT MULT & DIV) +X Y 1M -X Y 2 INPUT -y | NET- -K(X-Y) (MOCT e WORK 1 4 ory] 1M +Y L 250K t ! : X | NPUT (D1v ONLY) +X 250K | X 1M +Y x “x ae 1 OUTPUT | NPUT NORK -Y B. CONNECTIONS FOR SQUARING Y fo NET - +X WORK -Y . iq: Y 250K INPUT {> OUTPUT C. CONNECTIONS FOR SQUARE ROOT Figure 4 — Signal Connections for Model 3732A Refer to Figure 5B for polarities of input and output voltages. 4 Model 3732 4-Operating Procedures NOTE: All operating instructions are given for an instrument having a range of 100V. For a 10-volt range instrument, scale all inputs and outputs accordingly. 4.1 GAIN ADJUSTMENT Before employing the Model 3732 in a problem circuit, it is necessary to adjust its accuracy while operating with the exact bias voltage level available in your computer. After this initial ad- justment, subsequent accuracy checks should be made at weekly intervals or as demanded by the accuracy requirements of the problem, since the bias voltage level in the computer may drift. For optimum accuracy, the gains should be adjusted in the multiplication mode, if to be used for multi- plicat