English translation
DIN 40700 Sheet 18: Circuit Symbols — Analog Computing Technology
This is an English translation of the original German document (DIN 40700 Blatt 18, “Schaltzeichen — Analogrechentechnik”), published October 1969 by Fachnormenausschuß Elektronik im Deutschen Normenausschuß (DNA).
DIN 40700 Sheet 18 — Circuit Symbols for Analog Computing Technology
October 1969
Graphical symbols for analog computers
This sheet is a supplement to DIN 40700 “Graphical Symbols for Information Technology in DNA,” prepared by the Fachnormenausschuß Elektronik (Electronics Standards Committee) of DNA. The symbols shown here apply to graphical representations of circuits and devices. As an addition, the IEC recommendations on this subject have been taken into account, according to which you can also label circuits with abbreviations.
Page 1 — Linear Computing Elements (Lineare Rechenelemente)
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | — | [Summing amplifier symbol] | Coefficient amplifier / Summing amplifier (Koeffizienten-/Summenverstärker) | y = −k₀ · ∫ Σ xᵢ/Rᵢ · f(t) dt — (with) k₀: Amplification factor, Rᵢ: Input resistors, f: Integration time constant. The amplification coefficient can be set either by a table or by a particularly high-precision adjustment element. |
| 2 | — | [Amplifier with open feedback] | Open amplifier (Offener Verstärker) | — |
| 3 | — | [Integrator symbol] | Integrator (Integrierer) | — |
| 4 | — | [Complementary integrator] | Complementary integrator (Komplementär-Integrierer) | With a complementary integrator, the initial conditions x₀ and y₀ are specified in “Mode” and the integrator then integrates in the operating mode “Operate.” The initial condition can be adjusted through a table or through a particularly high-precision adjustment. |
| 5 | — | [Adjustable store symbol] | Adjustable store (Frei veränderbarer Speicher) | A “store” in the computing sense is an integrator with feedback whose input signals y₀ and yₓ are fed back in. |
Page 2 — Examples of Linear Computing Elements
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | — | [Track-and-hold amplifier symbol] | Track-and-Hold amplifier (Speicher, track and hold amplifier) | This store operates in “Track” mode as an integrator and in “Hold” mode as a store. |
| 11 | — | [Complementary store] | Complementary Store (Komplementär-Speicher) | A complementary store is based on the concept of the complementary integrator. |
Page 3 — Non-Linear Computing Elements (Nichtlineare Rechenelemente)
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | — | [Hold element symbol] | Hold element (Halteelement) | The Hold element is required for function of the Simultan-Schieben (simultaneous shift). It can be controlled from outside. |
| 13 | — | [Multiplier symbol] | Multiplier, general (Multiplizierer, allgemein general symbol) | y = x₁ · x₂ |
| 14 | — | [Quarter-square multiplier] | Quarter-square multiplier (Vierquadrant-Multiplizierer, also divider and square root symbol) | y = x₁ · x₂ |
Page 4 — Non-Linear Computing Elements (continued)
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | — | [Divider symbol] | Divider (Dividierwerk) | y = x₁ / x₂ |
| 16 | — | [Multiplier-divider symbol] | Four-quadrant multiplier and divider (Gleichzeitig Multiplizieren und Dividieren und divider) | y = (x₁ · x₂) / x₃ |
| 17 | — | [Function generator symbol] | Function generator, general (Funktionsgeber, allgemein general symbol) | y = f(x). Here the function f(x) must be labeled with the particular function symbol used. |
| 18 | — | [Coordinate resolver symbol] | Coordinate resolver (Koordinatenumwandler) | x₀ = f₁(x₁, x₂, x₃) |
Page 4/5 — Examples for Non-Linear Computing Elements
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | — | [Logarithm generator] | Logarithm generator (Logarithmierer) | y = lg x |
| 20 | — | [Function generator for multi-valued analytical functions] | Function generator for multi-valued analytical function (Funktionsgeber für mehrwertige analytische Funktion) | y = f(x) |
| 21 | — | [Function generator for multi-variable functions] | Function generator for multi-variable function (Funktionsgeber für Funktion mehrerer Variabler) | y = f(x₁, … , xₙ) |
| 22 | — | [Limiter/Begrenzer] | Limiter (Begrenzer) (absolute value circuit) | y = … |
Page 5 — Non-Linear Computing Elements (continued)
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | — | [Resolver] | Resolver (Resolver) | y = x₁ for y ≥ 0, y = 0 for x < 0 etc. |
| 24 | — | [Sign extractor] | Sign element (Signum-Element) (signum function) | y = 1 for x > 0, y = −1 for x < 0 |
| 25 | — | [Time delay] | Time delay (Tote Zone) (dead zone) | y = 0.5 for x₁ = x₂ = x₃, etc. |
| 26 | — | [Maximum value selector] | Maximum selector (Größtwertig) | y₀ = the mathematical maximum of the input quantities |
| 27 | — | [Minimum value selector] | Minimum selector (Kleinstwertig) | y₀ = the mathematical minimum of the input quantities |
| 28 | — | [Four-input multiplier] | Four-input multiplier (Vierbetriebs-Multiplizierer, square multiplier) | y = x₁ · x₂ · x₃ · x₄ |
| 29 | — | [Seven-input multiplier] | Seven-input multiplier (Siebenbetriebs-Multiplizierer) | y₁ = x₁ · x₂ … |
Page 6 — Non-Linear Computing Elements (continued)
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | — | [Six-input multiplier] | Multi-channel multiplier, 6 inputs (Mehrbetriebs-Multiplizierer von 6 Einheiten, six-divisor multiplier) | y₁ = x₁ · x₂ … |
| 31 | — | [Coordinate resolver, Funktionstrenner] | Coordinate resolver (Koordinatentrenner-Gerät, rectangular-to-polar) | θ = arctan(y/x) … |
| 32 | — | [Coordinate resolver polar form] | Coordinate resolver (Koordinatentrenner-Gerät, polar-to-rectangular) | y = r · sin θ … |
| 33 | — | [Time delay] | Time delay (Totzeitelement) (time delay element) | y(t) = x(t − τ) |
Computing Elements for Processing Analog and Digital Signals (Rechenelemente zur Verarbeitung von analogen und digitalen Signalen — Hybride Rechenelemente):
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | — | [Comparator symbol] | Comparator (Komparator, Vergleicher) | y = 1 for x₁ ≥ x₂; y = 0 for x₁ < x₂ |
| 35 | — | [Analog-digital converter] | Analog-to-Digital Converter (Analog-Digital-Schalter, AD converter) | y = 0 for x ≥ 0; y = 1 for x < 0 |
| 36 | — | [Digital-analog converter] | Digital-to-Analog Converter (Digital-Analog-Schalter, DA converter) | y = x₁ for u = 0; y = x₂ for u = 1 |
Page 7 — Miscellaneous Elements and Explanatory Notes (Erläuterungen)
| No. | IEC | Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | — | [Digital-Analog Switch] | Digital-Analog switch (Digital-Analog-Schalter) | — |
| 38 | — | [Noise generator] | Noise generator (Rauschgenerator) | — |
| 39 | — | [Function switch] | Function switch (Funktionsschalter) | — |
| 40 | — | [Timing element] | Timing element (Zeitgeber) | y(t) = … |
Explanatory Notes (Erläuterungen)
To the symbols compiled here, note that the symbol for the “input amplifier” (“Eingangsverstärker”) is derived from the symbol for the “operational amplifier,” in that the letter “I” (standing for “Invertierender” = inverting) is added to the symbol. This designation can also be made with the abbreviation “OA” (Operational Amplifier).
The symbols indicate by their form that the inputs are usually on the left side and outputs on the right side.
With non-linear computing elements, the general symbol is used when the specific symbol has not been provided. In those cases, the particular function must be written inside or next to the element symbol.
The connection of computing elements with “Netzwerkverbindungselement” (network connection elements) and “Potentiometer” is represented in the usual way.
This sheet was prepared by the Fachnormenausschuß Elektronik im Deutschen Normenausschuß (DNA).
[Translation covers all 7 pages of this document.]